J Clin Neurol.  2008 Mar;4(1):23-28. 10.3988/jcn.2008.4.1.23.

Association Between Parkinsonism and Participation in Agriculture in Korea

Affiliations
  • 1Department of Neurology, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, Boramae Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
  • 2Department of Neurology, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
  • 3Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, Boramae Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
  • 4Department of Neurology and Clinical Epidemiology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Korea.
  • 5Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Korea. jbrain@schch.co.kr

Abstract

Background and purpose
Environmental factors might influence the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD) or multiple-system atrophy (MSA), and previous examinations of pesticide exposure, well-water drinking, and farming have produced inconclusive results. Because agriculture has been of considerable importance to Korean society, and hence the risk of exposure to pesticides was high in Korea, this study investigated whether such exposure is associated with elevated risks of developing PD and MSA. Methods: Two hundred and thirty-five PD patients, 133 MSA patients, and 77 normal control subjects were examined. Data concerning environmental factors were collected by face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated by binary logistic regression. Results: ORs for environmental risk factors for developing PD were 1.06 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.02-1.10] for age and 2.37 (95% CI = 1.32-4.27) for rural well-water drinking for >10 years. Smoking >10 pack-years (OR = 0.31; 95% CI = 0.11-0.64) was a preventable factor for developing PD in this study. However, no significant risk factors were identified for MSA. Conclusions: These results suggest that exposure to certain environmental risk factors plays a role in the development of PD. However, the development of MSA appears to be independent of environmental risk factors in Korean patients.

Keyword

Parkinson's disease; Multiple-system atrophy; Pesticide; Well water; Smoking

MeSH Terms

Agriculture
Atrophy
Drinking
Electrolytes
Humans
Korea
Logistic Models
Odds Ratio
Parkinson Disease
Parkinsonian Disorders
Pesticides
Risk Factors
Smoke
Smoking
Surveys and Questionnaires
Electrolytes
Pesticides
Smoke

Cited by  1 articles

The G2019S LRRK2 Mutation is Rare in Korean Patients with Parkinson's Disease and Multiple System Atrophy
Jin-Whan Cho, Sung-Yeon Kim, Sung-Sup Park, Beom S. Jeon
J Clin Neurol. 2009;5(1):29-32.    doi: 10.3988/jcn.2009.5.1.29.


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