Korean J Orthod.  2014 Mar;44(2):77-87. 10.4041/kjod.2014.44.2.77.

Changes in longitudinal craniofacial growth in subjects with normal occlusions using the Ricketts analysis

• Bae EJ
• Kwon HJ
• Kwon OW

• KMID: 2273430
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4041/kjod.2014.44.2.77

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
This study was designed to define the Korean norm values for the Ricketts analysis.
METHODS
In this longitudinal study, lateral cephalograms of 31 subjects with normal occlusion were taken biennially from ages 9-19 years. Cephalometric measurements were performed. Parameters for which the 10-year change did not exceed one standard deviation were defined as unchanged. The means and standard deviations for the measured parameters were determined for each age group.
RESULTS
No significant changes in growth were observed in the molar relationship, incisor overjet, incisor overbite, mandibular incisor extrusion, interincisor angle, lower incisor tip (B1) to A point-Pogonion (A-PO) plane, upper incisor tip (A1) to A-PO plane, B1 inclination to A-PO, A1 inclination to A-PO, B1 inclination to Frankfurt plane (FH), convexity, lower facial height, facial axis, maxillary depth, maxillary height, palatal plane to FH, cranial deflection, ramus Xi position, or porion location. Continual changes over the 10 years of growth were observed in the maxillary first molar distal position to pterygoid true vertical plane, facial depth, mandibular plane to FH, anterior cranial length, mandibular arc, and corpus length.
CONCLUSIONS
Clinicians can apply the Korean norms at age 9 as determined in this study when using the Ricketts analysis. The patient's age at the beginning of treatment and their sex should be taken into consideration when drawing visual treatment objectives.

Keyword

Growth and development; Cephalometrics; Korean norms; Ricketts analysis

MeSH Terms

Axis, Cervical Vertebra
Growth and Development
Humans
Incisor
Longitudinal Studies
Molar
Overbite

Figure

• 

  Figure 1 Anatomic and cephalometric landmarks. NA, Nasion; OR, orbitale; PR, porion; BA, basion; PT, pterygoid point; DC, condyle center point; CC, center of cranium point; CF, center of face point; ANS, anterior nasal spine; PNS, posterior nasal spine; AP, A point; XI, Xi point; PM, protuberance menti; P, pogonion; GN, gnathion; GO, gonion; A1, upper incisor tip; AR, upper incisor root tip; A6, upper first molar distal; B1, lower incisor tip; BR, lower incisor root tip; B6, lower first molar distal. FH, Frankfurt.

• 

  Figure 2 Measurements of dental relationships. A, Molar relationship; B, incisor overjet; C, incisor overbite; D, mandibular incisor extrusion; E, interincisor angle. A1, Maxillary incisor; B1, mandibular incisor; A6, maxillary first molar; B6, mandibular first molar.

• 

  Figure 3 Measurements of dental to skeletal relationship. A, Distance of A6 to PTV, parallel to the occlusal plane; B, perpendicular distance of B1 to A-PO plane; C, perpendicular distance of A1 to A-PO plane; D, B1 inclination to A-PO and A1 inclination to A-PO; E, B1 inclination to FH. PTV, Pterygoid true vertical plane; A-PO plane, A point-Pogonion plane. See Figure 1 for the definitions of all the landmarks and measurements.

• 

  Figure 4 Measurements of skeletal relationships. A, Convexity, which indicates a perpendicular distance of A point to the facial plane; B, lower facial height, which indicates an angle between ANS-XI and XI-PM. Facial plane indicates a Nasion-Pogonion line. See Figure 1 for the definitions of all the landmarks and measurements.

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  Figure 5 Measurements of the jaw to cranium relationship. A, Facial depth; B, facial axis; C, maxillary depth; D, maxillary height; E, palatal plane to FH. See Figure 1 for the definitions of all the landmarks and measurements.

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  Figure 6 Measurements of internal structures. A, Cranial deflection; B, anterior cranial length; C, ramus Xi position; D, porion location; E, mandibular arc and corpus length. See Figure 1 for the definitions of all the landmarks and measurements.

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