Korean J Nutr.  2013 Apr;46(2):147-155. 10.4163/kjn.2013.46.2.147.

Maternal and lifestyle effect on bone mineral density in Korean children and adolescents aged 8-19

• Lee BK
• Lee YH
• Lee HL
• Park S

• KMID: 2269392
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4163/kjn.2013.46.2.147

Abstract

Higher bone mineral density (BMD) at a young age, calcium intake, and exercise are important for prevention of osteoporosis later in life. We examined familial effects of BMD between mothers and children and adolescents aged 8-19 in Cheonan, Korea and the relationships between BMD and lifestyle parameters, including: food and nutrient intake and exercise. For daughters and sons, significant differences in BMD were observed at the three bone sites (total femur, femur neck, and lumbar spine) according to age, gender, body mass index, exercise, and milk consumption, compared to the reference value for each classification category. Mean differences in children's BMD were observed according to maternal BMD. Energy and calcium intake were lower in both children and mothers in comparison to the estimated daily energy requirement; however, their protein intake was much greater than the daily recommended intake. After adjusting for age and gender and for mother's age, body mass index, and total calorie intake, results of the food frequency test showed an association of a higher intake of meat, meat products, milk and milk products with greater BMD of total femur, femur neck, and lumbar spine of children. In addition, exercise was positively associated with higher BMD. Regression analysis showed a positive association of BMD with age, male gender, exercise, and mother's BMD. In conclusion, after adjustment for environmental parameters, maternal BMD had a positive influence on BMD in daughters and sons. This finding suggests that parents need to check their BMD in order to determine whether their children are at increased risk of low BMD.

Keyword

bone mineral density; children; mother; body mass index; calcium

MeSH Terms

Adolescent
Aged
Body Mass Index
Bone Density
Calcium
Child
Femur
Femur Neck
Humans
Korea
Life Style
Male
Meat
Meat Products
Milk
Mothers
Nuclear Family
Osteoporosis
Parents
Reference Values
Spine
Calcium

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