Korean J Community Nutr.  2015 Aug;20(4):291-300. 10.5720/kjcn.2015.20.4.291.

The Prevalence of Hypertension and Related Nutritional Risk Factors of Elderly Living in a Rural Area

Affiliations
  • 1Department of Food and Nutrition, Hannam University, Daejeon, Korea. meesook@hnu.kr

Abstract


OBJECTIVES
The prevalence of hypertension in Korean rural elderly was significantly higher than that of the general population. Determining the potential risk factors of hypertension would be useful for managing and improving the treatment and prevention of hypertension in rural areas.
METHODS
We studied 336 elderly individuals 110 males, 226 females) aged between 65 years and 95 years residing in the rural area, S-gun Jeonbuk. Health-related habits, frequency of intake of food groups, nutrient intakes, anthropometric and biochemical measurements were assessed. Subjects were defined as hypertensive if SBP was > or = 140 mmHg or if DBP was > or = 90 mmHg or take an antihypertensive drug.
RESULTS
The rate of prevalence of hypertension in the study group was 51.8% (male 40.0%, female 57.5%). The risk of occurrence of hypertension was higher among females (OR, 1.98), 75 years old or older (OR, 1.62), BMI > or = 25 kg/m2 (OR, 2.84), acceptable range (upper end) of body fat (OR, 2.29) and unhealthy (too high) range of body fat (OR, 3.28), hypertriglyceridemia (OR, 2.17) and hypercholesterolemia (OR, 5.42), low protein intakes (OR, 1.78). However, health related habits, frequencies of intake of food groups and most nutrient intakes except for protein did not show any significant relationship with the occurrence of hypertension.
CONCLUSIONS
To reduce the risk of occurrence of hypertension among elderly individuals in rural areas, it is needed to avoid increase of body fat, 25 or higher BMI (kg/m2) and hyperlipidemia and low intake of proteins.

Keyword

elderly; hypertension; risk factor; protein intake

MeSH Terms

Adipose Tissue
Aged*
Female
Humans
Hypercholesterolemia
Hyperlipidemias
Hypertension*
Hypertriglyceridemia
Jeollabuk-do
Male
Prevalence*
Risk Factors*

Reference

References

1. Ministry of Health and Welfare. Ministry of Health and Welfare Statistical Year Book [internet]. 2013. [cited 2014 Nov 25]. Available from:. http://stat.mw.go.kr/.
2. Burt VL, Whelton P, Roccella E, Brown C, Culter JA, Higgins M, et al. Prevalence of hypertension in the US adult population results from the 3rd national health and nutrition examination survey, 1988–1991. Hypertens. 1995; 25(3):305–313.
3. Park JK, Kim CB, Kim KS, Kang MG, Jee SH. Meta-analysis of hypertension as a risk factor of cerebrovascular disorders in Koreans. J Korean Med Sci. 2001; 16(1):2–8.
Article
4. Kim KI, Kim CH. Treating hypertension to reduce cardiovascular risk: A Korean perspective. Clin Ther. 2012; 34(7):1559–1568.
Article
5. The Ministry of Health and Welfare. The National Health Plan 2020 [Internet]. 2011. [cited 2015 Apr 8]. Available from:. http://www.mw.go.kr/front_new/jb/sjb030301vw.jsp?PAR_MENU_ID=03&MENU_ID=0319&CONT_SEQ=257824.
6. Ministry of Health Welfare & Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey [KNHANES V-3] [internet]. 2013. [cited 2014 Nov 25]. Available from:. https://knhanes.cdc.go.kr/knhanes/.
7. Statistics Korea. Population Census [Internet]. 2010. [cited 2014 Nov 25]. Available from:. http://kosis.kr.
8. Lee MS, Lee SY, Kim HA, Jung SJ, Kim WK, Kim HJ. Clinical Nutrition. Seoul: Powerbook;2010. p. 144–153.
9. Park SH, Lee KS, Park HY. Dietary carbohydrate intake is associated with cardiovascular disease risk in Korean: Analysis of the third Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES III). Int J Cardiol. 2010; 139(3):234–240.
Article
10. Park J, Lee JS, Kim J. Relationship between dietary sodium, potassium, and calcium, anthropometric indexes, and blood pressure in young and middle aged Korean adults. Nutr Res Pract. 2010; 4(2):155–162.
Article
11. Hu FB. Dietary pattern analysis: a new direction in nutritional epidemiology. Curr Opin Lipidol. 2002; 13(1):3–9.
Article
12. Kant AK. Dietary patterns and health outcomes. J Am Diet Assoc. 2004; 104(4):615–635.
Article
13. WHO Regional Office for Southeast Asia. Development of food-based dietary guidelines for the Asian region [internet]. World Health Organization;1999. [cited 2015 Apr 8]. Available from:. http://www.who.int/nutrition/publications/nutrientrequirements/dietguide_searo/en/.
14. Cheong BS, Lee SH, Yun HS, Cho SG, Lee JH, Seo JC, et al. The clinical study of risk and lifestyle factors in stroke −419 case control study–. J Korean Acup Moxi Soc. 2001; 18(6):14–26.
15. Moon HK, Park JH. Comparative analysis and evaluation of dietary intake between with and without hypertension using 2001 Korea national health and nutrition examination survey. J Nutr Health. 2007; 40(4):347–361.
16. Lee HS, Kwun IS, Kwon CS. Prevalence of hypertension and related risk factors of the older residents in Andong rural area. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr. 2009; 38(7):852–861.
Article
17. Lim H, Choue R. Dietary pattern, nutritional density, and dietary quality were low in patients with cerebral infarction in Korea. Nutr Res. 2011; 31(8):601–607.
Article
18. Cho YA, Kim J, Cho ER, Shin A. Dietary patterns and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Korean women. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2011; 21(11):893–900.
Article
19. Lee JE, Kim JH, Son SJ, Ahn Y, Lee J, Park C, et al. Dietary pattern classifications with nutrient intake and health-risk factors in Korean men. Nutr. 2011; 27(1):26–33.
Article
20. Korean Nutrition Society. Korean Dietary Reference Intakes 2010 [Internet]. 2010. [cited 2014 Nov 25]. Available from:. http://www.kns.or.kr/.
21. WHO (World Health Organization) Expert Consultation. Appropriate body-mass index for Asian populations and its implications for policy and intervention strategies. Lancet. 2004; 363(9403):157–163.
22. Lee RD, Nieman DC. Nutritional assessment. 5th ed.Singapore: McGraw-Hill Higher Education;2010. p. 193.
23. Task Force for the management of dyslipidemias of the Korean Society of Lipidology & Atherosclerosis. Guidelines for the management of dyslipidemias. 3rd ed.Seoul: Chung-woon;2015. p. 3.
24. Lee HJ, Lee HS, Lee YN, Jang YA, Moon JJ, Kim CI. Nutritional environment influences hypertension in the middle-aged Korean adults: based on 1998 & 2001 national health and nutrition examination survey. Korean J Community Nutr. 2007; 12(3):272–283.
25. Eom JS, Lee TR, Park SJ, Ahn Y, Chung YJ. The risk factors of the pre-hypertension and hypertension of rural inhabitants in Chungnam-do. Korean J Nutr. 2008; 41(8):742–753.
26. Kim JA, Kim SM, Choi YS, Yoon D, Lee JS, Park HS, et al. The prevalence and risk factors associated with isolated untreated systolic hypertension in Korea: the Korean national health and nutrition survey 2001. J Hum Hypertens. 2007; 21(2):107–113.
Article
27. World Health Organization(WHO). WHO Health Report series. Diet, nutrition and the prevention of chronic diseases [internet]. World Health Organization;2003. [cited 2015 Apr 8]. Available from:. http://www.who.int/nutrition/publications/obesity/WHO_TRS_916/en/.
28. Ko GTC, Cockram CS, Chow CC, Chan WB, So WY, Ma R, et al. Effects of body mass index, plasma glucose and cholesterol levels on isolated systolic hypertension. Int J Cardiol. 2005; 101(3):429–433.
Article
29. Horio T, Miyazato J, Kamide K, Takiuchi S, Kawano Y. Influence of low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol on left ventricular hypertrophy and diastolic function in essential hypertension. Am J Hypertens. 2003; 16(11):938–944.
Article
30. Bittner V, Johnson BD, Zineh I, Rogers WJ, Vido D, Marroquin OC, et al. The triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio predicts all-cause mortality in women with suspected myocardial ischemia: A report from the Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE). Am Heart J. 2009; 157(3):548–555.
Full Text Links
  • KJCN
Actions
Cited
CITED
export Copy
Close
Share
  • Twitter
  • Facebook
Similar articles
Copyright © 2024 by Korean Association of Medical Journal Editors. All rights reserved.     E-mail: koreamed@kamje.or.kr