J Nutr Health.  2015 Dec;48(6):459-467. 10.4163/jnh.2015.48.6.459.

Comparing the anti-inflammatory effect of nanoencapsulated lycopene and lycopene on RAW 264.7 macrophage cell line

• Seo EY
• Kim MH
• Kim WK
• Chang MJ

• KMID: 2209858
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4163/jnh.2015.48.6.459

Abstract

PURPOSE
We developed a method to load lycopene into maltodextrin and cyclodextrin in an attempt to overcome the poor bioavailability and improve the anti-inflammatory effect of this polyphenol
METHODS
Nanosized lycopenes were encapsulated into biodegradable amphiphillic cyclodextrin and maltodextrin molecules prepared using a high pressure homogenizer at 15,000~25,000 psi. Cell damage was induced by lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in a mouse macrophage cell line, RAW 264.7. The cells were subjected to various doses of free lycopene (FL) and nanoencapsulated lycopene (NEL). RT-PCR was used to quantify the tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), IL-6, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxigenase-2 (COX-2) mRNA levels, while ELISA was used to determine the protein levels of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6.
RESULTS
NEL significantly reduced the mRNA expression of IL-6 and IL-1beta at the highest dose, while not in cells treated with FL. In addition, NEL treatment caused a significant reduction in IL-6 and TNF-alpha protein levels, compared to cells treated with a similar dose of FL. In addition, mRNA expression of iNOS and COX-2 enzyme in the activated macrophages was more efficiently suppressed by NEL than by FL.
CONCLUSION
Overall, our results suggest that lycopene is a potential inflammation reducing agent and nanoencapsulation of lycopene can further improve its anti-inflammatory effect during tissue-damaging inflammatory conditions.

Keyword

lycopene; nanoencapsulated lycopene; anti-inflammation; RAW 264.7 cells

MeSH Terms

Animals
Biological Availability
Cell Line*
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
Inflammation
Interleukin-1beta
Interleukin-6
Lipopolysaccharides
Macrophages*
Mice
Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II
RNA, Messenger
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
Interleukin-1beta
Interleukin-6
Lipopolysaccharides
Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II
RNA, Messenger
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

Figure

• 

  Fig. 1. Effect of FL or NFL on cell proliferation in Raw264.7 cells. FL: free lycopene, NEL: nanoencapsulated lycopene. Values not sharing the same purperscript letter are statistically different by Duncan's multiple range test in the same type of lycopene treatment (p < 0.05).

• 

  Fig. 2. Effect of FL or NFL on IL-6 mRNA experssion and amount in Raw264.7 cells. FL: free lycopene, NEL: nanoencapsulated lycopene. Values not sharing the same purperscript letter are statistically different by Duncan's multiple range test in the same type of lycopene treatment (p < 0.05).

• 

  Fig. 3. Effect of FL or NFL on IL-1β mRNA experssion and amount in Raw264.7 cells. FL: free lycopene, NEL: nanoencapsulated lycopene. Values not sharing the same purperscript letter are statistically different by Duncan's multiple range test in the same type of lycopene treatment (p < 0.05).

• 

  Fig. 4. Effect of FL or NFL on TNF-α mRNA experssion and amount in Raw264.7 cells. FL: free lycopene, NEL: nanoencapsulated lycopene. Values not sharing the same purperscript letter are statistically different by Duncan's multiple range test in the same type of lycopene treatment (p < 0.05).

• 

  Fig. 5. Effect of FL or NFL on iNOS and COX-2 mRNA experssion and amount in Raw264.7 cells. FL: free lycopene, NEL: nanoencapsulated lycopene. Values not sharing the same purperscript letter are statistically different by Duncan's multiple range test in the same type of lycopene treatment (p < 0.05).

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