J Korean Med Assoc.  2004 Oct;47(10):940-947. 10.5124/jkma.2004.47.10.940.

Neural Stem Cells for Neurological Disorders

• Roh JK
• Kim M
• Chu K

• KMID: 2183531
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.5124/jkma.2004.47.10.940

Abstract

Recent progress shows that neurons suitable for transplantation can be generated from neural stem cells (NSCs) in culture, and that the adult brain produces new neurons from its own stem cells in response to injury. In this article, we discuss how the subventricular zone of the forebrain is the most active neurogenetic area and the richest source of NSCs. This review also focuses on the nature and functional properties of NSCs of the adult mammalian brain, and we propose our views on the strategy from bench to the clinic with particular concerns and considerations.

Keyword

Neural stem cell; Transplantation; Neurological disorder

MeSH Terms

Adult
Brain
Humans
Nervous System Diseases*
Neural Stem Cells*
Neurons
Prosencephalon
Stem Cells
Transplantation

Reference

1. Galli R, Gritti A, Bonfanti L, Vescovi AL. Neural stem cells: an overview. Circ Res. 2003. 92:598–608.

2. Ryder EF, Snyder EY. Establishment and characterization of multipotent neural cell lines using retrovirus vector-mediated oncogene transfer. J Neurobiol. 1990. 21:356–375.

3. Snyder EY, Deitcher DL, Walsh C, Arnold-Aldea S, Hartweig EA, Cepko CL. Multipotent neural cell lines can engraft and participate in development of mouse cerebellum. Cell. 1992. 68:33–51.

4. Reynolds BA, Weiss S. Generation of neurons and astrocytes from isolated cells of the adult mammalian central nervous system. Science. 1992. 255:1707–1710.

5. Imitola J, Park KI, Teng YD, Nisim S, lachyankar M, Snyder EY, et al. Stem cells: cross-talk and developmental programs. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2004. 359:823–837.

6. Snyder EY, Daley GQ, Goodell M. Taking stock and planning for the next decade: realistic prospects for stem cell therapies for the nervous system. J Neurosci Res. 2004. 76:157–168.

7. Lindvall O, Kokaia Z, Martinez-Serrano A. Stem cell therapy for human neurodegenerative disorders-how to make it work. Nat Med. 2004. 10:Supp 1. S42–S50.

8. Bjorklund A, Lindvall O. Cell replacement therapies for central nervous system disorders. Nat Neurosci. 2000. 3:537–544.

9. McKay R. Stem cells in the central nervous system. Science. 1997. 276:66–71.

10. Alvarez-Buylla A, Garcia-Verdugo JM, Tramontin AD. A unified hypothesis on the lineage of neural stem cells. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2001. 2:287–293.

11. Steindler DA, Kadrie T, Fillmore H, Thomas LB. The subependymal zone: brain marrow. Prog Brain Res. 1996. 108:349–363.

12. Scheffler B, Horn M, Blumcke I, Laywell ED, Coomes D, Steindler DA, et al. Marrow-mindedness: a perspective on neuropoiesis. Trends Neurosci. 1999. 22:348–357.

13. Magavi SS, Leavitt BR, Macklis JD. Induction of neurogenesis in the neocortex of adult mice. Nature. 2000. 405:951–955.

14. Temple S, Alvarez-Buylla A. Stem cells in the adult mammalian central nervous system. Curr Opin Neurobiol. 1999. 9:135–141.

15. Arvidsson A, Collin T, Kirik D, Kokaia Z, Linvall O. Neuronal replacement from endogenous precursors in the adult brain after stroke. Nat Med. 2002. 8:963–970.

16. Jin K, Minami M, Lan JQ, Mao XO, Batteur S, Greenberg DA, et al. Neurogenesis in dentate subgranular zone and rostral subventricular zone after focal cerebral ischemia in the rat. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001. 98:4710–4715.

17. Kokaia Z, Lindvall O. Neurogenesis after ischaemic brain insults. Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2003. 13:127–132.

18. Parent JM, Vexler ZS, Gong C, Derugin N, Ferriero DM. Rat forebrain neurogenesis and striatal neuron replacement after focal stroke. Ann Neurol. 2002. 52:802–813.

19. Nakatomi H, Kuriu T, Okabe S, Yamamoto S, hatano O, Nakafuku M, et al. Regeneration of hippocampal pyramidal neurons after ischemic brain injury by recruitment of endogenous neural progenitors. Cell. 2002. 110:429–441.

20. Jung KH, Chu K, Kim M, Jeong SW, Song YM, Roh JK, et al. Continuous cytosine-b-D-arabionofuranoside infusion reduces ectopic granule cells in adult rat hippocampus with attenuation of spontaneous recurrent seizures following pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus. Eur J Neurosci. 2004. 19:3219–3226.

21. Sanai N, Tramontin AD, Quinones-Hinojosa A, Barbaro NM, Gupta N, Alvarez-Buylla A, et al. Unique astrocyte ribbon in adult human brain contains neural stem cells but lacks chain migration. Nature. 2004. 427:740–744.

22. Rothstein JD, Snyder EY. Reality and immortality-neural stem cells for therapies. Nat Biotechnol. 2004. 22:283–285.

23. Chu K, Kim M, Jung KH, Park KI, Lee ST, Roh JK, et al. Human neural stem cells improve sensorimotor deficits in the adult rat brain with experimental focal ischemia. Brain Res. 2004. 1016:145–153.

24. Jeong SW, Chu K, Jung KH, Kim SU, Kim M, Roh JK. Intravenous human neural stem cell transplantation promotes functional recovery with experimental intracranial hemorrhage in the adult rats. Stroke. 2003. 34:2258–2263.

25. Chu K, Kim M, Jung KH, Jeon D, Lee ST, Roh JK, et al. Human neural stem cell transplantation reduces spontaneous recurrent seizures following pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus in adult rats. Brain Res. 2004. 1023:213–221.

26. Kondziolka D, Wechsler L, Goldstein S, Meltzer C, Thulborn KR, Bynum L, et al. Transplantation of cultured human neuronal cells for patients with stroke. Neurology. 2000. 55:565–569.

27. Wurmser AE, Nakashima K, Summers RG, Toni N, D'Amour KA, Gage FH, et al. Cell fusion-independent differentiation of neural stem cells to the endothelial lineage. Nature. 2004. 430:350–356.

28. Lang AE, Obeso JE. Challenges in Parkinsons disease: restoration of the nigrostriatal dopamine system is not enough. Lancet Neurol. 2004. 3:309–316.

29. Chu K, Kim M, Jeong SW, Kim SU, Yoon BW. Human neural stem cells can migrate, differentiate and proliferate after intravenous transplantation in the adult rats with transient forebrain ischemia. Neurosci Lett. 2003. 343:129–133.

30. Chu K, Jeong SW, Jung KH, Han SY, Lee ST, Roh JK, et al. Celecoxib Induces Functional Recovery after Intracerebral Hemorrhage with Reduction of Brain Edema and Perihematomal Cell Death. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2004. 24:926–933.

31. Jung KH, Chu K, Jeong SW, Han SY, Lee ST, Roh JK, et al. HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, atorvastatin, ameliorates sensorimotor dysfunctions in experimental intracerebral hemorrhage. Stroke. 2004. 35:1744–1749.

32. Pluchino S, Quattrini A, Brambilla E, Gritti A, Salani G, Martino G, et al. Injection of adult neurospheres induces recovery in a chronic model of multiple sclerosis. Nature. 2003. 422:688–694.

33. Aboody KS, Brown A, Rainov NG, Bower KA, Liu S, Snyder EY, et al. Neural stem cells display extensive tropism for pathology in adult brain: evidence from intracranial gliomas. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2000. 97:12846–12851.