J Adv Prosthodont.  2013 Nov;5(4):402-408. 10.4047/jap.2013.5.4.402.

Effect of magnesium and calcium phosphate coatings on osteoblastic responses to the titanium surface

• Park KD
• Lee BA
• Piao XH
• Lee KK
• Park SW
• Oh HK
• Kim YJ
• Park HJ

• KMID: 2176530
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4047/jap.2013.5.4.402

Abstract

PURPOSE
The aim of this study was to evaluate the surface properties and in vitro bioactivity to osteoblasts of magnesium and magnesium-hydroxyapatite coated titanium.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Themagnesium (Mg) and magnesium-hydroxyapatite (Mg-HA) coatings on titanium (Ti) substrates were prepared by radio frequency (RF) and direct current (DC) magnetron sputtering.The samples were divided into non-coated smooth Ti (Ti-S group), Mg coatinggroup (Ti-Mg group), and Mg-HA coating group (Ti-MgHA group).The surface properties were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The surface roughness was evaluated by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Cell adhesion, cell proliferation and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity were evaluated using MC3T3-E1 cells. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis was performed.
RESULTS
Cross-sectional SEM images showed that Mg and Mg-HA depositionson titanium substrates were performed successfully. The surface roughness appeared to be similaramong the three groups. Ti-MgHA and Ti-Mg group had improved cellular responses with regard to the proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and bone-associated markers, such as bone sialoprotein (BSP) and osteocalcin (OCN) mRNA compared to those of Ti-S group. However, the differences between Ti-Mg group and Ti-MgHA group were not significant, in spite of the tendency of higher proliferation, ALP activity and BSP expression in Ti-MgHA group.
CONCLUSION
Mg and Mg-HAcoatings could stimulate the differentiation into osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells, potentially contributing to rapid osseointegration.

Keyword

Biocompatible materials; Surface-Coated materials; Surface properties; Alkaline phosphatase; Bone sialoprotein; Osteocalcin

MeSH Terms

Alkaline Phosphatase
Biocompatible Materials
Calcium Phosphates
Calcium*
Cell Adhesion
Cell Proliferation
Coated Materials, Biocompatible
Integrin-Binding Sialoprotein
Magnesium*
Microscopy, Atomic Force
Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
Osseointegration
Osteoblasts*
Osteocalcin
Photoelectron Spectroscopy
Polymerase Chain Reaction
Reverse Transcription
RNA, Messenger
Surface Properties
Titanium*
Alkaline Phosphatase
Biocompatible Materials
Calcium
Calcium Phosphates
Coated Materials, Biocompatible
Integrin-Binding Sialoprotein
Magnesium
Osteocalcin
RNA, Messenger
Titanium

Figure

• 

  Fig. 1 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)images of (A and B) Ti-Mg and (C and D)Ti-MgHA. ((A and C) Overview, (B and D) Cross-sectional view).

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  Fig. 2 XPS profile of (A) Ti-S, (B) Ti-Mg, and (C) Ti-MgHA.

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  Fig. 3 SEM images of cell adhesion on the titanium surfaces at 2 days. MC3T3-E1 cells on (A) Ti-S, (B) Ti-Mg surface, and (C) Ti-Mg-HA surface.

• 

  Fig. 4 Cell proliferation assay after 3 and 5 days of Ti-S, Ti-Mg, and Ti-MgHA.

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  Fig. 5 Alkaline phosphatase activity (U/mg*protein) after 7 days of Ti-S, Ti-Mg, and Ti-MgHA.

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  Fig. 6 Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis of bone sialoprotein (BSP), collagen type I (COL-1), osteocalcin (OCN), and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphatedehydrogenase (GAPDH) m RNA expression in MC3T3-E1 cells.

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