Infect Chemother.  2013 Dec;45(4):375-386. 10.3947/ic.2013.45.4.375.

Influenza Vaccines: Unmet Needs and Recent Developments

• Noh JY
• Kim WJ

• KMID: 2170441
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.3947/ic.2013.45.4.375

Abstract

Influenza is a worldwide public health concern. Since the introduction of trivalent influenza vaccine in 1978, vaccination has been the primary means of prevention and control of influenza. Current influenza vaccines have moderate efficacy, good safety, and acceptable tolerability; however, they have unsatisfactory efficacy in older adults, are dependent on egg supply for production, and are time-consuming to manufacture. This review outlines the unmet medical needs of current influenza vaccines. Recent developments in influenza vaccines are also described.

Keyword

Influenza, Human; Influenza Vaccines; Pandemics

MeSH Terms

Adult
Humans
Influenza Vaccines*
Influenza, Human*
Ovum
Pandemics
Public Health
Vaccination
Influenza Vaccines

Figure

• 

  Figure 1 Phylogenetic tree of hemagglutinin (HA) of influenza A and B viruses. Phylogeny was generated based on amino acid sequences of HA of influenza A (H1-H18) and B viruses. Representative viruses were chosen in GenBank and sequence alignment was performed using Clustal W. MEGA 5 software was used to construct the phylogenetic tree.

• 

  Figure 2 WHO recommendations on the composition of influenza vaccines from 1978-1979 to 2013-2014 for the northern hemisphere [16-18]. For influenza B viruses, orange-colored bars indicate B/Yamagata lineage viruses, blue-colored bars B/Victoria lineage viruses, and gray-colored bars influenza B viruses with unknown lineage. aA(H3N2) virus antigenically similar to the cell-propagated prototype virus A/Victoria/361/2011. bFor the quadrivalent influenza vaccines containing two influenza B viruses.

• 

  Figure 3 Novel approaches to the development of new influenza vaccines. Brief diagrams for the process to produce virus-like particle influenza vaccines (A), viral-vectored influenza vaccines (B), and DNA-based influenza vaccines (C) are presented. HA, Hemagglutinin; NA, neuraminidase; M1, matrix 1 protein.

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