Korean J Orthod.  2016 May;46(3):146-154. 10.4041/kjod.2016.46.3.146.

Preparation and antimicrobial assay of ceramic brackets coated with TiO2 thin films

• Cao S
• Wang Y
• Cao L
• Wang Y
• Lin B
• Lan W
• Cao B

• KMID: 2164258
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4041/kjod.2016.46.3.146

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
Different methods have been utilized to prevent enamel demineralization and other complications during orthodontic treatment. However, none of these methods can offer long-lasting and effective prevention of orthodontic complications or interventions after complications occur. Considering the photocatalytic effect of TiO2 on organic compounds, we hoped to synthesize a novel bracket with a TiO2 thin film to develop a photocatalytic antimicrobial effect.
METHODS
The sol-gel dip coating method was used to prepare TiO2 thin films on ceramic bracket surfaces. Twenty groups of samples were composed according to the experimental parameters. Crystalline structure and surface morphology were characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy, respectively; film thickness was examined with a surface ellipsometer. The photocatalytic properties under ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation were analyzed by evaluating the degradation ratio of methylene blue (MB) at a certain time. Antibacterial activities of selected thin films were also tested against Lactobacillus acidophilus and Candida albicans.
RESULTS
Films with 5 coating layers annealed at 700℃ showed the greatest photocatalytic activity in terms of MB decomposition under UV light irradiation. TiO2 thin films with 5 coating layers annealed at 700℃ exhibited the greatest antimicrobial activity under UV-A light irradiation.
CONCLUSIONS
These results provide promising guidance in prevention of demineralization by increasing antimicrobial activities of film coated brackets.

Keyword

Biomaterial science; Esthetics; Ceramic brackets; Antibacterial

MeSH Terms

Candida albicans
Ceramics*
Crystallins
Dental Enamel
Esthetics
Hope
Lactobacillus acidophilus
Methods
Methylene Blue
Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
Ultraviolet Rays
X-Ray Diffraction
Crystallins
Methylene Blue

Figure

• 

  Figure 1 X-ray diffractometer patterns of TiO2 thin films with different numbers of coating layers and annealed at different temperatures. A, TiO2 thin films with 1-5 coating layers annealed at 300℃; B, TiO2 thin films with 1-5 coating layers annealed at 500℃; C, TiO2 thin films with 1-5 coating layers annealed at 700℃; D, TiO2 thin films with 1-5 coating layers annealed at 900℃. a.u., Arbitrary unit.

• 

  Figure 2 X-ray diffractometer patterns of TiO2 thin films with 5 coating layers annealed at 4 different temperatures. a.u., Arbitrary unit.

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  Figure 3 Scanning electron microscopy images of TiO2 thin films annealed at 700℃. A, TiO2 thin film with 1 coating layer; B, TiO2 thin film with 2 coating layers; C, TiO2 thin film with 3 coating layers; D, TiO2 thin film with 4 coating layers; E, TiO2 thin film with 5 coating layers.

• 

  Figure 4 Scanning electron microscopy images of TiO2 thin films with 5 coating layers annealed at 4 different temperatures. A, Thin film annealed at 300℃; B, thin film annealed at 500℃; C, thin film annealed at 700℃; D, thin film annealed at 900℃.

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  Figure 5 Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue solution by TiO2 thin films under ultraviolet light irradiation. A, TiO2 thin films with 1-5 coating layers annealed at 300℃; B, TiO2 thin films with 1-5 coating layers annealed at 500℃; C, TiO2 thin films with 1-5 coating layers annealed at 700℃; D, TiO2 thin films with 1-5 coating layers annealed at 900℃.

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  Figure 6 Antibacterial effects of TiO2 thin films with 1-5 coating layers against Lactobacillus acidophilus and Candida albicans.

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