J Korean Soc Spine Surg.  2016 Mar;23(1):1-6. 10.4184/jkss.2016.23.1.1.

Effect of Smoking on Osteoporotic Vertebral Fracture in Postmenopausal Women

• Yoon SP
• Lee SH
• Park BM
• Song KS
• Jang G
• Lee BS
• Lee HM
• Moon SH

• KMID: 2161006
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4184/jkss.2016.23.1.1

Abstract

STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective study.
OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the association between smoking and osteoporotic vertebral fractures (OVFs) in postmenopausal women. SUMMARY OF LITERATURE REVIEW: Several studies have examined the relationship of smoking with hip fractures, but few studies have analyzed the relationship of smoking with spine fractures in women thus far.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This study considered 1255 postmenopausal women aged 50 years and older (enrollment from April 2008 to January 2009) from 62 study sites in a nationwide hospital. The amount of smoking was calculated in pack-years. Further, OVFs were diagnosed using a semi-quantitative method. To analyze the relationship between smoking and OVFs, we used a paired t-test, a χ2-test, and a binary logistic regression analysis.
RESULTS
The past history of smoking was 7.2% in the patient group and 4.3% in the control group (p=0.025). The mean pack-years of smoking was 0.34 in the control group and 0.62 in the patient group (p=130). The mean T-score in the lumbar bone mass density (BMD) was -1.64 in the control group and -2.19 in the patient group (p=0.409). Smoking was a risk factor of vertebral fractures in postmenopausal women (odd's ratio=1.68, 95% confidence interval=1.020-2.759, p=0.042) irrespective of the lumbar BMD and the medical treatment for osteoporosis and obesity.
CONCLUSIONS
Smoking is a risk factor for osteoporotic vertebral fractures in postmenopausal women independently without regard to lumbar BMD. Therefore, cessation of smoking is important for the prevention of OVFs in postmenopausal women.

Keyword

Osteoporotic vertebral fracture; smoking; bone mineral density

MeSH Terms

Bone Density
Female
Hip Fractures
Humans
Logistic Models
Obesity
Osteoporosis
Retrospective Studies
Risk Factors
Smoke*
Smoking*
Spine
Smoke

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