J Vet Sci.  2015 Mar;16(1):107-112. 10.4142/jvs.2015.16.1.107.

Ultrasonographic and macroscopic comparison of the thickness of the capsule, corium, and soft tissues in bovine claws: an in vitro study

Affiliations
  • 1Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Uludag University, 16059 Bursa, Turkey. hsalci@uludag.edu.tr
  • 2Department of Veterinary, Ihsangazi Vocational School of Higher Education, Kastamonu University, 37200 Kastamonu, Turkey.

Abstract

This study aimed to compare thickness of the capsule, corium, and soft tissues measured ultrasonographically and macroscopically in selected regions of bovine claws. A hundred and twenty claws (n = 120) of 15 healthy Holstein bovines were obtained. After cleaning the claws, ultrasonographic measurement of the capsule, corium, and soft tissues was performed while submerging the claws in a water bath. Macroscopic measurements were taken after cutting of the claws axially. These values were compared statistically. According to the macroscopic measurements, the mean thickness +/- standard deviation (SD) of the capsule for dorsal wall and sole was 6.2 +/- 0.1 and 9.5 +/- 0.4 mm, respectively. The thickness of the corium and soft tissues for dorsal wall and sole was 4.5 +/- 0.1 and 5.3 +/- 0.1 mm, respectively. Ultrasonographically, the mean thickness +/- SD of the capsule for dorsal wall and sole was 4.7 +/- 0.1 and 7.8 +/- 0.3 mm, respectively. The thickness of the corium and soft tissues for dorsal wall and sole was 4.3 +/- 0.1 and 5.9 +/- 0.2 mm, respectively. Findings demonstrated that ultrasonography can be reliably to measure of the thickness of the hoof capsule, corium, and soft tissue in bovine claw.

Keyword

bovine claw; ultrasound

MeSH Terms

Animals
Cadaver
Cattle/*anatomy & histology
Hoof and Claw/*anatomy & histology/ultrasonography

Figure

  • Fig. 1 Ultrasonographic measurement points (a, b, c, d, e, and f) for the capsule, corium, and soft tissue in the sole and dorsal wall of the bovine claw.

  • Fig. 2 Schematic view of the measurement points (a, b, c, d, e, and f) in the bovine claw.

  • Fig. 3 Macroscopic view of the measurement points (a, b, c, d, e, and f) in the bovine claw. (black and white arrows indicate the capsule, corium, and soft tissue thickness, respectively).

  • Fig. 4 Capsule thickness (cm) for 15 bovines at different measurement points (macroscopic).

  • Fig. 5 Corium and soft tissue thickness (cm) for 15 bovines at different measurement points (macroscopic).


Reference

1. Browne MP, Hukins DWL, Skakle JMS, Knight CH, Hendry KAK, Wilde CJ, Galbraith H. X-ray diffraction patterns and anatomical properties of claw tissues of beef and dairy cattle. J Agric Sci. 2007; 145:623–633.
Article
2. Bushberg JT, Seibert JA, Leidholdt EM Jr, Boone JM. The Essential Physics of Medical Imaging. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins;2002. p. 469–554.
3. Dietz O, Prietz G. Quality and status of cattle hoof horn. Monatsh Veterinarmed. 1981; 36:419–422.
4. Greenough PR, Vermunt JJ, McKinnon JJ, Fathy FA, Berg PA, Cohen RDH. Laminitis-like changes in the claws of feedlot cattle. Can Vet J. 1990; 31:202–208.
5. Greenough PR. Bovine Laminitis and Lameness: a hands-on approach. Saunders/Elsevier: Toronto;2007. p. 176.
6. Kofler J, Kübber P, Henninger W. Ultrasonographic imaging and thickness measurement of the sole horn and underlying soft tissue layer in bovine claws. Vet J. 1999; 157:322–331.
Article
7. Nuss K, Paulus N. Measurements of claw dimensions in cows before and after functional trimming: a post-mortem study. Vet J. 2006; 172:284–292.
Article
8. Nyland TG, Mattoon JS. Veterinary Diagnostic Ultrasound. Philadelphia: Saunders;1995. p. 3–17.
9. Räber M, Lischer ChJ, Geyer H, Ossent P. The bovine digital cushion – a descriptive anatomical study. Vet J. 2004; 167:258–264.
Article
10. Shakespeare AS. Inadequate thickness of the weight-bearing surface of claws in ruminants. J S Afr Vet Assoc. 2009; 80:247–253.
Article
11. Shearer JK, van Amstel SR. Functional and corrective claw trimming. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract. 2001; 17:53–72.
Article
12. Simmins PH, Brooks PH. Supplementary biotin for sows: effect on claw integrity. Vet Rec. 1988; 122:431–435.
Article
13. Singh SS, Murray RD, Ward WR. Histopathological and morphometric studies on the hooves of dairy and beef cattle in relation to overgrown sole and laminitis. J Comp Pathol. 1992; 107:319–328.
Article
14. Toussaint Raven E, Haalstra RT, Peterse DJ. Cattle Footcare and Claw Trimming. Ipswich: Farming Press;1985. p. 75–106.
15. van Amstel SR, Palin FL, Rorhbach BW, Shearer JK. Ultrasound measurement of sole horn thickness in trimmed claws of dairy cows. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2003; 223:492–494.
Article
16. van Amstel SR, Palin FL, Shearer JK. Measurement of the thickness of the corium and subcutaneous tissue of the hind claws of dairy cattle by ultrasound. Vet Rec. 2004; 155:630–633.
Article
17. van Amstel SR, Shearer JK, Palin FL. Moisture content, thickness, and lesions of sole horn associated with thin soles in dairy cattle. J Dairy Sci. 2004; 87:757–763.
Article
Full Text Links
  • JVS
Actions
Cited
CITED
export Copy
Close
Share
  • Twitter
  • Facebook
Similar articles
Copyright © 2024 by Korean Association of Medical Journal Editors. All rights reserved.     E-mail: koreamed@kamje.or.kr