Korean J Radiol.  2015 Jun;16(3):648-656. 10.3348/kjr.2015.16.3.648.

Collateral Ventilation Quantification Using Xenon-Enhanced Dynamic Dual-Energy CT: Differences between Canine and Swine Models of Bronchial Occlusion

• Park EA
• Goo JM
• Park SJ
• Lee CH
• Park CM

• KMID: 2155536
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.3348/kjr.2015.16.3.648

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the difference in the degree of collateral ventilation between canine and swine models of bronchial obstruction could be detected by using xenon-enhanced dynamic dual-energy CT.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Eight mongrel dogs and six pigs underwent dynamic dual-energy scanning of 64-slice dual-source CT at 12-second interval for 2-minute wash-in period (60% xenon) and at 24-second interval for 3-minute wash-out period with segmental bronchus occluded. Ventilation parameters of magnitude (A value), maximal slope, velocity (K value), and time-to-peak (TTP) enhancement were calculated from dynamic xenon maps using exponential function of Kety model.
RESULTS
A larger difference in A value between parenchyma was observed in pigs than in dogs (absolute difference, -33.0 +/- 5.0 Hounsfield units [HU] vs. -2.8 +/- 7.1 HU, p = 0.001; normalized percentage difference, -79.8 +/- 1.8% vs. -5.4 +/- 16.4%, p = 0.0007). Mean maximal slopes in both periods in the occluded parenchyma only decreased in pigs (all p < 0.05). K values of both periods were not different (p = 0.892) in dogs. However, a significant (p = 0.027) difference was found in pigs in the wash-in period. TTP was delayed in the occluded parenchyma in pigs (p = 0.013) but not in dogs (p = 0.892).
CONCLUSION
Xenon-ventilation CT allows the quantification of collateral ventilation and detection of differences between canine and swine models of bronchial obstruction.

Keyword

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; Emphysema; Collateral ventilation; Xenon; Dual-energy CT

MeSH Terms

Airway Obstruction/*radiography
Animals
Bronchial Diseases/*radiography
Bronchography/*methods
Disease Models, Animal
Dogs
Pulmonary Ventilation/*physiology
Respiration
Swine
Tomography, Spiral Computed/*methods
Xenon
Xenon

Figure

• 

  Fig. 1 Representative example of xenon ventilation scans in dog model of bronchial occlusion. A. Transverse CT image showing balloon catheter (arrow) placed in posterior segmental bronchus of right caudal lobe. Note that balloon was overinflated to obstruct bronchus completely. B. Several distal bronchi (arrowheads) were occluded. C. CT taken 1 hour after balloon inflation demonstrating that atelectasis of occluded segment did not develop. D. On dynamic scans of xenon map, occluded lung parenchyma showed minimally decreased xenon enhancement during wash-in period and slight delay of xenon excretion during wash-out period compared to patent lung parenchyma. Dotted line and solid line indicating regions of interest in occluded and patent lung parenchyma, respectively. E. Xenon attenuation curve in occluded lung parenchyma. F. Xenon attenuation curve in patent lung parenchyma. HU = Hounsfield unit

• 

  Fig. 2 Representative example of xenon ventilation scans in pig model of bronchial occlusion. A. Transverse CT image showing balloon catheter (arrow) placed in posterior segmental bronchus of right caudal lobe. B. Several distal bronchi (arrowheads) were seen to be occluded. C. CT taken 1 hour after balloon inflation showed atelectasis (arrow) of occluded segment. D. On dynamic scans of xenon map, lung parenchyma with occluded bronchus showed markedly decreased and delayed xenon ventilation during wash-in period and continuous increase in xenon attenuation even during wash-out period, as compared to patent lung parenchyma. Dotted line and solid line indicating regions of interest in occluded and patent lung parenchyma, respectively. E. Xenon attenuation curve in occluded lung parenchyma. F. Xenon attenuation curve in patent lung parenchyma. HU = Hounsfield unit

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