Urinary Cotinine Concentrations of Cases with Green Tobacco Sickness

Lee, Kwan; Lim, Hyun Sul; Kim, Heon; Nam, Si Hyun

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
This study was carried out to measure the urinary cotinine concentrations of Korean tobacco harvesters with green tobacco sickness (GTS).
METHODS
We conducted a questionnaire survey and measured the urinary cotinine concentrations among the cases who visited six health subcenters and the emergency room in the Health Center and County Hospital after harvesting tobacco leaves in Cheongsong-gun, from Jul 15 to Aug 15, 2002. Ten suspected GTS cases were compared to 10 controls matched for residence, age, and sex. Urinary cotinine was analyzed with a reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system and expressed as geometric mean and standard deviation. The data collected were evaluated using the SPSS/win statistical package and the urinary cotinine concentrations between the two groups were analyzed by Mann-Whitney U test.
RESULTS
In both the 10 cases and controls, there were 3 males and 7 females. Ages ranged from 22 to 70 years old. Half of the cases were reported within the 6 hours between 12:00 pm and 17:59 pm. The median time from starting work to initially feeling ill was 4.3 hours (min. 2.5; max. 11.0). The GTS symptoms reported were nausea in 10 cases (100.0%), dizziness in 9 (90.0%), weakness in 8 (80.0%), headache in 7 (70.0%) and other symptoms. The geometric mean of urinary cotinine concentrations was significantly higher (p<0.01) in cases at 497.6 +/- 2.5 ng/ml (min. 73.1; max. 2,574.3) than in controls at 32.7 +/- 1.8 ng/ml (min. 13.3; max. 76.9).
CONCLUSIONS
Our study suggests that many tobacco harvesters may suffer from GTS in Korea. Therefore, it is very important for doctors to diagnose exactly the GTS. Also we must develop the methods which can prevent GTS, and simple methods of analysis for urinary cotinine.