J Vet Sci.  2015 Dec;16(4):447-457. 10.4142/jvs.2015.16.4.447.

Characterisation of genotype VII Newcastle disease virus (NDV) isolated from NDV vaccinated chickens, and the efficacy of LaSota and recombinant genotype VII vaccines against challenge with velogenic NDV

• Roohani K
• Tan SW
• Yeap SK
• Ideris A
• Bejo MH
• Omar AR

• KMID: 2133627
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4142/jvs.2015.16.4.447

Abstract

A Newcastle disease virus (NDV) isolate designated IBS002 was isolated from a commercial broiler farm in Malaysia. The virus was characterised as a virulent strain based on the multiple basic amino acid motif of the fusion (F) cleavage site 112RRRKGF117 and length of the C-terminus extension of the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) gene. Furthermore, IBS002 was classified as a velogenic NDV with mean death time (MDT) of 51.2 h and intracerebral pathogenicity index (ICPI) of 1.76. A genetic distance analysis based on the full-length F and HN genes showed that both velogenic viruses used in this study, genotype VII NDV isolate IBS002 and genotype VIII NDV isolate AF2240-I, had high genetic variations with genotype II LaSota vaccine. In this study, the protection efficacy of the recombinant genotype VII NDV inactivated vaccine was also evaluated when added to an existing commercial vaccination program against challenge with velogenic NDV IBS002 and NDV AF2240-I in commercial broilers. The results indicated that both LaSota and recombinant genotype VII vaccines offered full protection against challenge with AF2240-I. However, the LaSota vaccine only conferred partial protection against IBS002. In addition, significantly reduced viral shedding was observed in the recombinant genotype VII-vaccinated chickens compared to LaSota-vaccinated chickens.

Keyword

genotype VII Newcastle disease virus; recombinant genotype VII Newcastle disease virus vaccine; vaccine efficacy; viral shedding

MeSH Terms

Amino Acids, Basic
Animals
Chickens*
Genetic Variation
Genotype*
Malaysia
Newcastle disease virus*
Newcastle Disease*
Vaccination
Vaccines*
Virulence
Virus Shedding
Amino Acids, Basic
Vaccines

Figure

• 

  Fig. 1 Phylogenetic relationships among 49 published NDV isolates and isolate IBS002 based on the full F gene nucleotide sequences obtained from GenBank. The phylogenetic tree was constructed using the maximum likelihood method after 1,000 bootstrap replications. The isolate from the present study is boxed.

Reference

1. Abolnik C, Horner RF, Bisschop SP, Parker ME, Romito M, Viljoen GJ. A phylogenetic study of South African Newcastle disease virus strains isolated between 1990 and 2002 suggests epidemiological origins in the Far East. Arch Virol. 2004; 149:603–619.

2. Aini I, Ibrahim AL, Spradbrow PB. Field trials of a food-based vaccine to protect village chickens against Newcastle disease. Res Vet Sci. 1990; 49:216–219.

3. Alexander DJ. Newcastle disease diagnosis. In : Alexander DJ, editor. Newcastle Disease. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers;1988. p. 147–160.

4. Alexander DJ. Newcastle disease: methods of spread. In : Alexander DJ, editor. Newcastle Disease. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers;1988. p. 256–272.

5. Berhanu A, Ideris A, Omar AR, Bejo MH. Molecular characterization of partial fusion gene and C-terminus extension length of haemagglutinin-neuraminidase gene of recently isolated Newcastle disease virus isolates in Malaysia. Virol J. 2010; 7:183.

6. Bogoyavlenskiy A, Berezin V, Prilipov A, Usachev E, Lyapina O, Korotetskiy I, Zaitceva I, Asanova S, Kydyrmanov A, Daulbaeva K, Shakhvorostova L, Sayatov M, King D. Newcastle disease outbreaks in Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan during 1998, 2000, 2001, 2003, 2004, and 2005 were caused by viruses of the genotypes VIIb and VIId. Virus Genes. 2009; 39:94–101.

7. Cho SH, Kwon HJ, Kim TE, Kim JH, Yoo HS, Park MH, Park YH, Kim SJ. Characterization of a recombinant Newcastle disease virus vaccine strain. Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2008; 15:1572–1579.

8. Choi KS, Kye SJ, Kim JY, Damasco VR, Sorn S, Lee YJ, Choi JG, Kang HM, Kim KI, Song BM, Lee HS. Molecular epidemiological investigation of velogenic Newcastle disease viruses from village chickens in Cambodia. Virus Genes. 2013; 47:244–249.

9. Czeglédi A, Ujvári D, Somogyi E, Wehmann E, Werner O, Lomniczi B. Third genome size category of avian paramyxovirus serotype 1 (Newcastle disease virus) and evolutionary implications. Virus Res. 2006; 120:36–48.

10. Degefa T, Dadi L, Yami A, Gmariam K, Nassir M. Technical and economic evaluation of different methods of Newcastle disease vaccine administration. J Vet Med A Physiol Pathol Clin Med. 2004; 51:365–369.

11. Diel DG, da Silva LH, Liu H, Wang Z, Miller PJ, Afonso CL. Genetic diversity of avian paramyxovirus type 1: proposal for a unified nomenclature and classification system of Newcastle disease virus genotypes. Infect Genet Evol. 2012; 12:1770–1779.

12. Diel DG, Susta L, Cardenas Garcia S, Killian ML, Brown CC, Miller PJ, Afonso CL. Complete genome and clinicopathological characterization of a virulent Newcastle disease virus isolate from South America. J Clin Microbiol. 2012; 50:378–387.

13. Habibian M, Ghazi S, Moeini MM, Abdolmohammadi A. Effects of dietary selenium and vitamin E on immune response and biological blood parameters of broilers reared under thermoneutral or heat stress conditions. Int J Biometeorol. 2014; 58:741–752.

14. Herczeg J, Wehmann E, Bragg R, Travassos Dias PM, Hadjiev G, Werner O, Lomniczi B. Two novel genetic groups (VIIb and VIII) responsible for recent Newcastle disease outbreaks in Southern Africa, one (VIIb) of which reached Southern Europe. Arch Virol. 1999; 144:2087–2099.

15. Hu Z, Hu S, Meng C, Wang X, Zhu J, Liu X. Generation of a genotype VII Newcastle disease virus vaccine candidate with high yield in embryonated chicken eggs. Avian Dis. 2011; 55:391–397.

16. Hu S, Ma H, Wu Y, Liu W, Wang X, Liu Y, Liu X. A vaccine candidate of attenuated genotype VII Newcastle disease virus generated by reverse genetics. Vaccine. 2009; 27:904–910.

17. Jeon WJ, Lee EK, Lee YJ, Jeong OM, Kim YJ, Kwon JH, Choi KS. Protective efficacy of commercial inactivated Newcastle disease virus vaccines in chickens against a recent Korean epizootic strain. J Vet Sci. 2008; 9:295–300.

18. Kapczynski DR, Afonso CL, Miller PJ. Immune responses of poultry to Newcastle disease virus. Dev Comp Immunol. 2013; 41:447–453.

19. Kattenbelt JA, Stevens MP, Selleck PW, Gould AR. Analysis of Newcastle disease virus quasispecies and factors affecting the emergence of virulent virus. Arch Virol. 2010; 155:1607–1615.

20. Ke GM, Liu HJ, Lin MY, Chen JH, Tsai SS, Chang PC. Molecular characterization of Newcastle disease viruses isolated from recent outbreaks in Taiwan. J Virol Methods. 2001; 97:1–11.

21. Lai MC, Ibrahim A. Velogenic viscerotropic Newcastle disease virus. In : Copland JW, editor. Newcastle Disease in Poultry: A New Food Pellet Vaccine. 5th ed. Canberra: ACIAR;1987. p. 33–34.

22. Lee TC, Yusoff K, Nathan S, Tan WS. Detection of virulent Newcastle disease virus using a phage-capturing dot blot assay. J Virol Methods. 2006; 136:224–229.

23. Liu XF, Wan HQ, Ni XX, Wu YT, Liu WB. Pathotypical and genotypical characterization of strains of Newcastle disease virus isolated from outbreaks in chicken and goose flocks in some regions of China during 1985-2001. Arch Virol. 2003; 148:1387–1403.

24. Liu H, Wang Z, Wu Y, Zheng D, Sun C, Bi D, Zuo Y, Xu T. Molecular epidemiological analysis of Newcastle disease virus isolated in China in 2005. J Virol Methods. 2007; 140:206–211.

25. Mahon PJ, Mirza AM, Iorio RM. Role of the two sialic acid binding sites on the Newcastle disease virus HN protein in triggering the interaction with the F protein required for the promotion of fusion. J Virol. 2011; 85:12079–12082.

26. Miller PJ, Estevez C, Yu Q, Suarez DL, King DJ. Comparison of viral shedding following vaccination with inactivated and live Newcastle disease vaccines formulated with wild-type and recombinant viruses. Avian Dis. 2009; 53:39–49.

27. Miller PJ, King DJ, Afonso CL, Suarez DL. Antigenic differences among Newcastle disease virus strains of different genotypes used in vaccine formulation affect viral shedding after a virulent challenge. Vaccine. 2007; 25:7238–7246.

28. Murulitharan K, Yusoff K, Omar AR, Molouki A. Characterization of Malaysian velogenic NDV strain AF2240-I genomic sequence: a comparative study. Virus Genes. 2013; 46:431–440.

29. Palya V, Kiss I, Tatár-Kis T, Mató T, Felföldi B, Gardin Y. Advancement in vaccination against Newcastle disease: recombinant HVT NDV provides high clinical protection and reduces challenge virus shedding with the absence of vaccine reactions. Avian Dis. 2012; 56:282–287.

30. Pedersen JC, Senne DA, Woolcock PR, Kinde H, King DJ, Wise MG, Panigrahy B, Seal BS. Phylogenetic relationships among virulent Newcastle disease virus isolates from the 2002-2003 outbreak in California and other recent outbreaks in North America. J Clin Microbiol. 2004; 42:2329–2334.

31. Rasoli M, Yeap SK, Tan SW, Moeini H, Ideris A, Bejo MH, Alitheen NBM, Kaiser P, Omar AR. Alteration in lymphocyte responses, cytokine and chemokine profiles in chickens infected with genotype VII and VIII velogenic Newcastle disease virus. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis. 2014; 37:11–21.

32. Rui Z, Juan P, Jingliang S, Jixun Z, Xiaoting W, Shouping Z, Xiaojiao L, Guozhong Z. Phylogenetic characterization of Newcastle disease virus isolated in the mainland of China during 2001-2009. Vet Microbiol. 2010; 141:246–257.

33. Saif YM. Immunosuppression induced by infectious bursal disease virus. Vet Immunol Immunopathol. 1991; 30:45–50.

34. Seal BS, King DJ, Sellers HS. The avian response to Newcastle disease virus. Dev Comp Immunol. 2000; 24:257–268.

35. Tan SW, Ideris A, Omar AR, Yusoff K, Hair-Bejo M. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis of Newcastle disease virus genotypes isolated in Malaysia between 2004 and 2005. Arch Virol. 2010; 155:63–70.

36. Wang Z, Liu H, Xu J, Bao J, Zheng D, Sun C, Wei R, Song C, Chen J. Genotyping of Newcastle disease viruses isolated from 2002 to 2004 in China. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2006; 1081:228–239.

37. World Organisation for Animal Health. Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals. Vol. 1. Chap. 2.3.14. Newcastle disease. Paris: OIE;2012.

38. Xiao S, Paldurai A, Nayak B, Samuel A, Bharoto EE, Prajitno TY, Collins PL, Samal SK. Complete genome sequences of Newcastle disease virus strains circulating in chicken populations of Indonesia. J Virol. 2012; 86:5969–5970.

39. Xie Z, Xie L, Chen A, Liu J, Pang Y, Deng X, Xie Z, Fan Q. Complete genome sequence analysis of a Newcastle disease virus isolated from a wild egret. J Virol. 2012; 86:13854–13855.

40. Yi J, Liu C, Chen B, Wu S. Molecular characterization of a virulent genotype VIId strain of Newcastle disease virus from farmed chickens in Shanghai. Avian Dis. 2011; 55:279–284.