J Cardiovasc Ultrasound.  2015 Sep;23(3):158-172. 10.4250/jcu.2015.23.3.158.

Normal Echocardiographic Measurements in a Korean Population Study: Part I. Cardiac Chamber and Great Artery Evaluation

Affiliations
  • 1Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. parksmc@gmail.com
  • 2Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gil Hospital, Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Incheon, Korea.
  • 3Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Incheon, Korea.
  • 4Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
  • 5Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea.
  • 6Department of Cardiology, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, Korea.
  • 7Division of Cardiology, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, Korea.
  • 8Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
  • 9Department of Internal Medicine, Wonkwang University Hospital, Institute of Wonkwang Medical Science, Iksan, Korea.
  • 10Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea.
  • 11Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
  • 12Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University and Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.
  • 13Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Korea.
  • 14Department of Cardiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.
  • 15Division of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
  • 16Department of Cardiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
  • 17Division of Cardiology, Gangneung Asan Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Gangneung, Korea.
  • 18Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
  • 19Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea.
  • 20Department of Cardiology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea.
  • 21Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea.
  • 22Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University School of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea.
  • 23Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Measurement of the cardiac chamber is essential, and current guidelines recommend measuring and reporting values for both sides of the cardiac chamber during echocardiographic evaluation. Normal echocardiographic reference values have been suggested previously, but detailed information about right-sided chambers and values according to gender was not included.
METHODS
This is a prospective multicenter (23 centers) study evaluating normal Korean adult subjects using comprehensive echocardiography. We included normal adult subjects (age; 20-79 years old) who had no significant cardiac disorders or illnesses, such as hypertension or diabetes, which could affect cardiac structure and function. We measured the cardiac chamber including both right and left ventricles as well as atria according to current echocardiography guidelines and compared values according to gender and age groups.
RESULTS
A total of 1003 subjects were evaluated and the mean age was 48 +/- 16 years. Left ventricular (LV) dimensions increased, but LV volume decreased in older subjects. Right ventricular (RV) area decreased in women and older subjects, and the RV long-axis dimension showed a similar trend. Left atrial (LA) volume increased in men but there were no differences in LA volume index between men and women. The dimension of great arteries increased in men and older subjects.
CONCLUSION
Since there were considerable differences between men and women and in the different age groups, and the trends differed significantly between different echo variables, normal echocardiographic cutoff values should be differentially applied based on age and gender.

Keyword

Echocardiography; Normal population; Reference value

MeSH Terms

Adult
Arteries*
Echocardiography*
Female
Heart Ventricles
Humans
Hypertension
Male
Prospective Studies
Reference Values

Figure

  • Fig. 1 Measurement of right ventricular (RV) dimension and RV fractional area change in focused RV view. After obtaining RV focused view (A), mid (a), basal (b), and longitudinal RV dimensions (c) are measured at end-diastolic period (B). In the same view, RV end-diastolic area (d) and RV end-systolic area (e) are measured and RV fractional area change are calculated as (d - e) / d × 100% (C and D).


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