1. Korea Collaborating Center for Cancer Registration. National Cancer Registry Report in 2008. 2010. Seoul: Ministry of Health and Welfare.
2. Guyatt GH, Oxman AD, Vist GE, et al. GRADE: an emerging consensus on rating quality of evidence and strength of recommendations. BMJ. 2008; 336:924–926. PMID:
18436948.
Article
3. Atkins D, Best D, Briss PA, et al. Grading quality of evidence and strength of recommendations. BMJ. 2004; 328:1490. PMID:
15205295.
Article
4. Komatsu T, Tamai Y, Takami H, Yamagata K, Fukuda S, Munakata A. Study for determination of the optimal cessation period of therapy with anti-platelet agents prior to invasive endoscopic procedures. J Gastroenterol. 2005; 40:698–707. PMID:
16082586.
Article
5. ASGE Standards of Practice Committee. Anderson MA, Ben-Menachem T, et al. Management of antithrombotic agents for endoscopic procedures. Gastrointest Endosc. 2009; 70:1060–1070. PMID:
19889407.
Article
6. Cannegieter SC, Rosendaal FR, Briët E. Thromboembolic and bleeding complications in patients with mechanical heart valve prostheses. Circulation. 1994; 89:635–641. PMID:
8313552.
Article
7. Stein PD, Alpert JS, Copeland J, Dalen JE, Goldman S, Turpie AG. Antithrombotic therapy in patients with mechanical and biological prosthetic heart valves. Chest. 1992; 102(4 Suppl):445S–455S. PMID:
1395828.
Article
8. Shiffman ML, Farrel MT, Yee YS. Risk of bleeding after endoscopic biopsy or polypectomy in patients taking aspirin or other NSAIDS. Gastrointest Endosc. 1994; 40:458–462. PMID:
7926536.
Article
9. Kim HS, Kim TI, Kim WH, et al. Risk factors for immediate postpolypectomy bleeding of the colon: a multicenter study. Am J Gastroenterol. 2006; 101:1333–1341. PMID:
16771958.
Article
10. Yousfi M, Gostout CJ, Baron TH, et al. Postpolypectomy lower gastrointestinal bleeding: potential role of aspirin. Am J Gastroenterol. 2004; 99:1785–1789. PMID:
15330919.
Article
11. Hui AJ, Wong RM, Ching JY, Hung LC, Chung SC, Sung JJ. Risk of colonoscopic polypectomy bleeding with anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents: analysis of 1657 cases. Gastrointest Endosc. 2004; 59:44–48. PMID:
14722546.
Article
12. Sawhney MS, Salfiti N, Nelson DB, Lederle FA, Bond JH. Risk factors for severe delayed postpolypectomy bleeding. Endoscopy. 2008; 40:115–119. PMID:
18253906.
Article
13. Rex DK, Helbig CC. High yields of small and flat adenomas with high-definition colonoscopes using either white light or narrow band imaging. Gastroenterology. 2007; 133:42–47. PMID:
17631129.
Article
14. Kahi CJ, Anderson JC, Waxman I, et al. High-definition chromocolonoscopy vs. high-definition white light colonoscopy for average-risk colorectal cancer screening. Am J Gastroenterol. 2010; 105:1301–1307. PMID:
20179689.
Article
15. Hewett DG, Rex DK. Colonoscopy and diminutive polyps: hot or cold biopsy or snare? Do I send to pathology? Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2011; 9:102–105. PMID:
20951831.
Article
16. Vanagunas A, Jacob P, Vakil N. Adequacy of "hot biopsy" for the treatment of diminutive polyps: a prospective randomized trial. Am J Gastroenterol. 1989; 84:383–385. PMID:
2648816.
17. Peluso F, Goldner F. Follow-up of hot biopsy forceps treatment of diminutive colonic polyps. Gastrointest Endosc. 1991; 37:604–606. PMID:
1756918.
Article
18. Woods A, Sanowski RA, Wadas DD, Manne RK, Friess SW. Eradication of diminutive polyps: a prospective evaluation of bipolar coagulation versus conventional biopsy removal. Gastrointest Endosc. 1989; 35:536–540. PMID:
2689263.
Article
19. Efthymiou M, Taylor AC, Desmond PV, Allen PB, Chen RY. Biopsy forceps is inadequate for the resection of diminutive polyps. Endoscopy. 2011; 43:312–316. PMID:
21412704.
Article
20. Mann NS, Mann SK, Alam I. The safety of hot biopsy forceps in the removal of small colonic polyps. Digestion. 1999; 60:74–76. PMID:
9892802.
Article
21. Tappero G, Gaia E, De Giuli P, Martini S, Gubetta L, Emanuelli G. Cold snare excision of small colorectal polyps. Gastrointest Endosc. 1992; 38:310–313. PMID:
1607081.
Article
22. Tsai CJ, Lu DK. Small colorectal polyps: histopathology and clinical significance. Am J Gastroenterol. 1995; 90:988–994. PMID:
7771436.
23. Wadas DD, Sanowski RA. Complications of the hot biopsy forceps technique. Gastrointest Endosc. 1988; 34:32–37. PMID:
3258260.
Article
24. Mönkemüller KE, Fry LC, Jones BH, Wells C, Mikolaenko I, Eloubeidi M. Histological quality of polyps resected using the cold versus hot biopsy technique. Endoscopy. 2004; 36:432–436. PMID:
15100953.
Article
25. Rohde H, Guenther MW, Budde R, Mühlhofer H. Randomized trial of prophylactic epinephrine-saline injection before snare polypectomy to prevent bleeding. Endoscopy. 2000; 32:1004–1005. PMID:
11147936.
26. Hsieh YH, Lin HJ, Tseng GY, et al. Is submucosal epinephrine injection necessary before polypectomy? A prospective, comparative study. Hepatogastroenterology. 2001; 48:1379–1382. PMID:
11677969.
27. Di Giorgio P, De Luca L, Calcagno G, Rivellini G, Mandato M, De Luca B. Detachable snare versus epinephrine injection in the prevention of postpolypectomy bleeding: a randomized and controlled study. Endoscopy. 2004; 36:860–863. PMID:
15452780.
Article
28. O'Brien JR. Some effects of adrenaline and anti-adrenaline compounds on platelets in vitro and in vivo. Nature. 1963; 200:763–764. PMID:
14087010.
29. Randall GM, Jensen DM, Hirabayashi K, Machicado GA. Controlled study of different sclerosing agents for coagulation of canine gut arteries. Gastroenterology. 1989; 96(5 Pt 1):1274–1281. PMID:
2784774.
Article
30. LeVeen HH, Diaz C, Falk G, et al. A proposed method to interrupt gastrointestinal bleeding: preliminary report. Ann Surg. 1972; 175:459–465. PMID:
4537081.
31. Dobrowolski S, Dobosz M, Babicki A, Glowacki J, Nalecz A. Blood supply of colorectal polyps correlates with risk of bleeding after colonoscopic polypectomy. Gastrointest Endosc. 2006; 63:1004–1009. PMID:
16733117.
Article
32. Watabe H, Yamaji Y, Okamoto M, et al. Risk assessment for delayed hemorrhagic complication of colonic polypectomy: polyp-related factors and patient-related factors. Gastrointest Endosc. 2006; 64:73–78. PMID:
16813806.
Article
33. Hachisu T. A new detachable snare for hemostasis in the removal of large polyps or other elevated lesions. Surg Endosc. 1991; 5:70–74. PMID:
1948617.
Article
34. Kouklakis G, Mpoumponaris A, Gatopoulou A, Efraimidou E, Manolas K, Lirantzopoulos N. Endoscopic resection of large pedunculated colonic polyps and risk of postpolypectomy bleeding with adrenaline injection versus endoloop and hemoclip: a prospective, randomized study. Surg Endosc. 2009; 23:2732–2737. PMID:
19430833.
Article
35. Paspatis GA, Paraskeva K, Theodoropoulou A, et al. A prospective, randomized comparison of adrenaline injection in combination with detachable snare versus adrenaline injection alone in the prevention of postpolypectomy bleeding in large colonic polyps. Am J Gastroenterol. 2006; 101:2805. PMID:
17026560.
Article
36. Iishi H, Tatsuta M, Narahara H, Iseki K, Sakai N. Endoscopic resection of large pedunculated colorectal polyps using a detachable snare. Gastrointest Endosc. 1996; 44:594–597. PMID:
8934168.
Article
37. Nelson DB, McQuaid KR, Bond JH, Lieberman DA, Weiss DG, Johnston TK. Procedural success and complications of large-scale screening colonoscopy. Gastrointest Endosc. 2002; 55:307–314. PMID:
11868001.
Article
38. Waye JD, Lewis BS, Yessayan S. Colonoscopy: a prospective report of complications. J Clin Gastroenterol. 1992; 15:347–351. PMID:
1294644.
39. Lee CK, Lee SH, Park JY, et al. Prophylactic argon plasma coagulation ablation does not decrease delayed postpolypectomy bleeding. Gastrointest Endosc. 2009; 70:353–361. PMID:
19386307.
Article
40. Shioji K, Suzuki Y, Kobayashi M, et al. Prophylactic clip application does not decrease delayed bleeding after colonoscopic polypectomy. Gastrointest Endosc. 2003; 57:691–694. PMID:
12709699.
Article
41. Cooper HS. Surgical pathology of endoscopically removed malignant polyps of the colon and rectum. Am J Surg Pathol. 1983; 7:613–623. PMID:
6638257.
Article
42. Coverlizza S, Risio M, Ferrari A, Fenoglio-Preiser CM, Rossini FP. Colorectal adenomas containing invasive carcinoma. Pathologic assessment of lymph node metastatic potential. Cancer. 1989; 64:1937–1947. PMID:
2477139.
Article
43. Hassan C, Zullo A, Risio M, Rossini FP, Morini S. Histologic risk factors and clinical outcome in colorectal malignant polyp: a pooled-data analysis. Dis Colon Rectum. 2005; 48:1588–1596. PMID:
15937622.
Article
44. Kyzer S, Bégin LR, Gordon PH, Mitmaker B. The care of patients with colorectal polyps that contain invasive adenocarcinoma. Endoscopic polypectomy or colectomy? Cancer. 1992; 70:2044–2050. PMID:
1394034.
Article
45. Yamamoto S, Watanabe M, Hasegawa H, et al. The risk of lymph node metastasis in T1 colorectal carcinoma. Hepatogastroenterology. 2004; 51:998–1000. PMID:
15239233.
46. Egashira Y, Yoshida T, Hirata I, et al. Analysis of pathological risk factors for lymph node metastasis of submucosal invasive colon cancer. Mod Pathol. 2004; 17:503–511. PMID:
15001992.
Article
47. Tominaga K, Nakanishi Y, Nimura S, Yoshimura K, Sakai Y, Shimoda T. Predictive histopathologic factors for lymph node metastasis in patients with nonpedunculated submucosal invasive colorectal carcinoma. Dis Colon Rectum. 2005; 48:92–100. PMID:
15690664.
Article
48. Yasuda K, Inomata M, Shiromizu A, Shiraishi N, Higashi H, Kitano S. Risk factors for occult lymph node metastasis of colorectal cancer invading the submucosa and indications for endoscopic mucosal resection. Dis Colon Rectum. 2007; 50:1370–1376. PMID:
17661146.
Article
49. Ishikawa Y, Akishima-Fukasawa Y, Ito K, et al. Histopathologic determinants of regional lymph node metastasis in early colorectal cancer. Cancer. 2008; 112:924–933. PMID:
18181096.
Article
50. Tateishi Y, Nakanishi Y, Taniguchi H, Shimoda T, Umemura S. Pathological prognostic factors predicting lymph node metastasis in submucosal invasive (T1) colorectal carcinoma. Mod Pathol. 2010; 23:1068–1072. PMID:
20473277.
Article
51. Kitajima K, Fujimori T, Fujii S, et al. Correlations between lymph node metastasis and depth of submucosal invasion in submucosal invasive colorectal carcinoma: a Japanese collaborative study. J Gastroenterol. 2004; 39:534–543. PMID:
15235870.
Article