1. O'Brien E, Asmar R, Beilin L, Imai Y, Mallion JM, Mancia G, et al. European Society of Hypertension recommendations for conventional ambulatory and home blood pressure measurement. J Hypertens. 2003. 21:821–848.
2. Bowler JV. Vascular cognitive impairment. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2005. 7:Suppl 5. v35–v44.
Article
3. Liao D, Cooper L, Cai J, Toole JF, Bryan NR, Hutchinson RG, et al. Presence and severity of cerebral white matter lesions and hypertension, its treatment, and its control. The ARIC study. Atheroscleorosis Risk in Communities Study. Stroke. 1996. 27:2262–2270.
Article
4. Guo Z, Fratiglioni L, Winblad B, Viitanen M. Blood pressure and performance on the Mini-Mental State Examination in the very old. Cross-sectional and longitudinal data from the Kungsholmen Project. Am J Epidemiol. 1997. 145:1106–1113.
Article
5. Swan GE, DeCarli C, Miller BL, Reed T, Wolf PA, Jack LM, et al. Association of midlife blood pressure to late-life cognitive decline and brain morphology. Neurology. 1998. 51:986–993.
Article
6. Dufouil C, de Kersaint-Gilly A, Besancon V, Levy C, Auffray E, Brunnereau L, et al. Longitudinal study of blood pressure and white matter hyperintensities: the EVA MRI Cohort. Neurology. 2001. 56:921–926.
Article
7. de Leeuw FE, De Groot JC, Oudkerk M, Witteman JC, Hofman A, van Gijn J, et al. Hypertension and cerebral white matter lesions in a prospective cohort study. Brain. 2002. 125:765–772.
Article
8. Verdecchia P, Porcellati C, Schillaci G, Borgioni C, Ciucci A, Battistelli M, et al. Ambulatory blood pressure. An independent predictor of prognosis in essential hypertension. Hypertension. 1994. 24:793–801.
Article
9. Kario K, Pickering TG, Matsuo T, Hoshide S, Schwartz JE, Shimada K. Stroke prognosis and abnormal nocturnal blood pressure falls in older hypertensives. Hypertension. 2001. 38:852–857.
Article
10. O'Brien E, Sheridan J, O'Malley K. Dippers and nondippers. Lancet. 1988. 13:397.
11. Staessen JA, Thijs L, Fagard R, O'Brien ET, Clement D, de Leeuw PW, et al. Predicting cardiovascular risk using conventional vs ambulatory blood pressure in older patients with systolic hypertension. Systolic Hypertension in Europe Trial Investigators. JAMA. 1999. 282:539–546.
Article
12. Ohkubo T, Hozawa A, Yamaguchi J, Kikuya M, Ohmori K, Michimata M, et al. Prognostic significance of the nocturnal decline in blood pressure in individuals with and without high 24-h blood pressure: the Ohasama study. J Hypertens. 2002. 20:2183–2189.
Article
13. Yamamoto Y, Akiguchi I, Oiwa M, Hayashi M, Ohara T, Ozasa K. The relationship between 24-hour blood pressure readings, subcortical ischemic lesions, and vascular dementia. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2005. 19:302–308.
Article
14. van Boxtel MP, Henskens LH, Kroon AA, Hofman PA, Gronenschild EH, Jolles J, et al. Ambulatory blood pressure, asymptomatic cerebrovascular damage and cognitive function in essential hypertension. J Hum Hypertens. 2006. 20:5–13.
Article
15. Ku HM, Kim JH, Kwon EJ, Kim SH, Lee HS, Ko HJ, et al. A study on the Reliability and Validity of Seoul-Instrumental Activities of Daily Living(S-IADL). J Korean Neuropsychiatr Assoc. 2004. 43:189–199.
16. Hachinski VC, Iliff LD, Zilhka E, Du Boulay GH, McAllister VL, Marshall J, et al. Cerebral blood flow in dementia. Arch Neurol. 1975. 32:632–637.
Article
17. Wahlund LO, Barkhof F, Fazekas F, Bronge L, Augustin M, Sjögren M, et al. A new rating scale for age-related white matter changes applicable to MRI and CT. Stroke. 2001. 32:1318–1322.
Article
18. Kang Y, Na DL. Seoul Neuropsychological Screening Battery. 2003. Incheon: Human Brain Research & Consulting.
19. Scherr PA, Hebert LE, Smith IA, Evans DA. Relation of blood pressure to cognitive functions in the elderly. Am J Epidemiol. 1991. 134:1303–1315.
20. Kuusisto J, Koivisto K, Mykkänen L, Helkala EL, Vanhanen M, Hänninen T, et al. Essential hypertension and cognitive function. The role of hyperinsulinemia. Hypertension. 1993. 22:771–779.
Article
21. Kilander L, Nyman H, Boberg M, Hansson L, Lithell H. Hypertension is related to cognitive impairment: a 20-year follow-up of 999 men. Hypertension. 1998. 31:780–786.
22. van der Flier WM, van Straaten EC, Barkhof F, Verdelho A, Madureia S, Pantoni L, et al. Small vessel disease and general cognitive function in nondisabled elderly: the LADIS study. Stroke. 2005. 36:2116–2120.
Article
23. Birns J, Markus H, Kalra L. Blood pressure reduction for vascular risk: is there a price to be paid? Stroke. 2005. 36:1308–1313.
24. Parati G, Pomidossi G, Albini F, Malaspina D, Mancia G. Relationship of 24-hour blood pressure mean and variability to severity of target-organ damage in hypertension. J Hypertens. 1987. 5:93–98.
Article
25. Yamamoto Y, Akiguchi I, Oiwa K, Satoi H, Kimura J. Diminished nocturnal blood pressure decline and lesion site in cerebrovascular disease. Stroke. 1995. 26:829–833.
Article
26. Shimada K, Kawamoto A, Matsubayashi K, Nishinaga M, Kimura S, Ozawa T. Diurnal blood pressure variations and silent cerebrovascular damage in elderly patients with hypertension. J Hypertens. 1992. 10:875–878.
27. Tohgi H, Chiba K, Kimura M. Twenty-four-hour variation of blood pressure in vascular dementia of the Binswanger type. Stroke. 1991. 22:603–608.
Article
28. Puisieux F, Monaca P, Deplanque D, Delmaire C, di Pompeo C, Monaca C, et al. Relationship between leuko-araiosis and blood pressure variability in the elderly. Eur Neurol. 2001. 46:115–120.
Article
29. Ohmine T, Miwa Y, Yao H, Yuzuriha T, Takashima Y, Uchino A, et al. Association between arterial stiffness and cerebral white matter lesions in community-dwelling elderly subjects. Hypertens Res. 2008. 31:75–81.
Article
30. Blacher J, Pannier B, Guerin AP, Marchais SJ, Safar ME, London GM. Carotid arterial stiffness as a predictor of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in end-stage renal disease. Hypertension. 1998. 32:570–574.
Article
31. Launer LJ, Masaki K, Petrovitch H, Foley D, Havlik RJ. The association between midlife blood pressure levels and late-life cognitive function. The Honolulu-Asia Aging Study. JAMA. 1995. 274:1846–1851.
Article
32. Cummings JL. Frontal-subcortical circuits and human behavior. J Psychosom Res. 1998. 44:627–628.
Article
33. O'Brien JT, Wiseman R, Burton EJ, Barber B, Wesnes K, Saxby B, et al. Cognitive associations of subcortical white matter lesions in older people. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2002. 977:436–444.