Clin Exp Vaccine Res.  2015 Jul;4(2):130-136. 10.7774/cevr.2015.4.2.130.

The present and future of veterinary vaccines for Japanese encephalitis in Korea

Affiliations
  • 1Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, MAFRA, Anyang, Korea. nahjj75@korea.kr

Abstract

Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a mosquito-borne zoonotic disease that affects approximately 50,000 people annually in Asia, causing 10,000 deaths. Considering the role of pigs as the virus-amplifying host and the economic loss in the swine industry, JE is an important disease for both public and animal health. A nationwide JE virus (JEV) vaccination program has been conducted annually for more than 30 years to prevent severe reproductive disorders in the Korean sow population. Remarkable progress in molecular biology has made it possible to analyze the genome of the vaccine strain at the nucleotide and amino acid levels. However, the scientific record of the current JEV veterinary vaccine has not been reported. Therefore, this article outlines the current JEV vaccine strain used in animals and discusses future directions for developing new veterinary JEV vaccines.

Keyword

Japanese encephalitis; Japanese encephalitis viruses; Vaccines; Attenuated; Animals

MeSH Terms

Animals
Asia
Asian Continental Ancestry Group*
Encephalitis Viruses, Japanese
Encephalitis, Japanese*
Genome
Humans
Korea*
Molecular Biology
Swine
Vaccination
Vaccines*
Zoonoses
Vaccines

Figure

  • Fig. 1 Genome structure of Japanese encephalitis virus. C, capsid; prM, pre-membrane and membrane; E, envelope; NS, non-structural.

  • Fig. 2 Annual Japanese encephalitis (JE) cases in humans and swine in Korea. Human cases from KCDC; Swine cases from QIA, KAHIS. KCDC, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; QIA, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency.

  • Fig. 3 Classification of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) genotypes and the genotype shift in Korea. (A) Classification of JEV genotypes. (B) Genotype shift in Korean JEV isolates.

  • Fig. 4 Attenuation history of the Japanese encephalitis virus vaccine strain (Anyang300). CEF, chicken primary embryo fibroblast cells.

  • Fig. 5 (A, B) Field test of the Japanese encephalitis vaccine strain. These results were originated from Kwon et al. [2425]. SN titer, serum neutralizing antibody titer; WPI, weeks after inoculation.

  • Fig. 6 Molecular characterization of the Japanese encephalitis (JE) vaccine strain in animals. (A) Comparison of 3' UTR region between the vaccine strain and other JE viruses (JEVs). (B) Difference between the vaccine strain and other JEVs at the amino acid level. prM, pre-membrane and membrane; E, envelope; NS, non-structural; CEF, chicken primary embryo fibroblast cells. a)Amino acid position of the each viral proteins.


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Dong-Kun Yang, Ha-Hyun Kim, Hyun-Ye Jo, Sung-Suk Choi, In-Soo Cho
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