Allergy Asthma Immunol Res.  2011 Jul;3(3):157-167. 10.4168/aair.2011.3.3.157.

Occupational Asthma: Etiologies and Risk Factors

Affiliations
  • 1Department of Chest Medicine, Mont-Godinne Hospital, Universite Catholique de Louvain, Yvoir, Belgium. olivier.vandenplas@uclouvain.be

Abstract

The purpose of this article is to critically review the available evidence pertaining to occupational, environmental, and individual factors that can affect the development of occupational asthma (OA). Increasing evidence suggests that exploration of the intrinsic characteristics of OA-causing agents and associated structure-activity relationships offers promising avenues for quantifying the sensitizing potential of agents that are introduced in the workplace. The intensity of exposure to sensitizing agents has been identified as the most important environmental risk factor for OA and should remain the cornerstone for primary prevention strategies. The role of other environmental co-factors (e.g., non-respiratory routes of exposure and concomitant exposure to cigarette smoke and other pollutants) remains to be further delineated. There is convincing evidence that atopy is an important individual risk factor for OA induced by high-molecular-weight agents. There is some evidence that genetic factors, such as leukocyte antigen class II alleles, are associated with an increased risk of OA; however, the role of genetic susceptibility factors is likely to be obscured by complex gene-environment interactions. OA, as well as asthma in general, is a complex disease that results from multiple interactions between environmental factors and host susceptibilities. Determining these interactions is a crucial step towards implementing optimal prevention policies.

Keyword

Allergy; asthma; occupational disease

MeSH Terms

Alleles
Asthma
Asthma, Occupational
Gene-Environment Interaction
Genetic Predisposition to Disease
Hypersensitivity
Leukocytes
Occupational Diseases
Primary Prevention
Risk Factors
Smoke
Structure-Activity Relationship
Tobacco Products
Smoke

Cited by  1 articles

Serum Periostin Levels: A Potential Serologic Marker for Toluene Diisocyanate-Induced Occupational Asthma
Ji-Ho Lee, Sang-Ha Kim, Youngwoo Choi, Hoang Kim Tu Trinh, Eun-Mi Yang, Ga-Young Ban, Yoo Seob Shin, Young-Min Ye, Kenji Izuhara, Hae-Sim Park
Yonsei Med J. 2018;59(10):1214-1221.    doi: 10.3349/ymj.2018.59.10.1214.


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