J Korean Med Sci.  2012 Aug;27(8):849-856. 10.3346/jkms.2012.27.8.849.

Portable Document Format File Showing the Surface Models of Cadaver Whole Body

• Shin DS
• Chung MS
• Park JS
• Park HS
• Lee S
• Moon YL
• Jang HG

• KMID: 1714194
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2012.27.8.849

Abstract

In the Visible Korean project, 642 three-dimensional (3D) surface models have been built from the sectioned images of a male cadaver. It was recently discovered that popular PDF file enables users to approach the numerous surface models conveniently on Adobe Reader. Purpose of this study was to present a PDF file including systematized surface models of human body as the beneficial contents. To achieve the purpose, fitting software packages were employed in accordance with the procedures. Two-dimensional (2D) surface models including the original sectioned images were embedded into the 3D surface models. The surface models were categorized into systems and then groups. The adjusted surface models were inserted to a PDF file, where relevant multimedia data were added. The finalized PDF file containing comprehensive data of a whole body could be explored in varying manners. The PDF file, downloadable freely from the homepage (http://anatomy.co.kr), is expected to be used as a satisfactory self-learning tool of anatomy. Raw data of the surface models can be extracted from the PDF file and employed for various simulations for clinical practice. The technique to organize the surface models will be applied to manufacture of other PDF files containing various multimedia contents.

Keyword

Models, Anatomic; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Imaging, Three-Dimensional; User-Computer Interface; Visible Human Projects

MeSH Terms

Cadaver
Human Body
Humans
Image Processing, Computer-Assisted
Male
*Models, Biological
*Software
User-Computer Interface

Figure

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  Fig. 1 The surface model of the patella with its mesh. (A) Full data. (B) Reduced data.

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  Fig. 2 Sectioned images with labels, embedded on the surface models.

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  Fig. 3 Feature of PDF file, composed of the model tree window (left top), bookmark window (left bottom), and surface models (right). The surface models are colored with the skin made semitransparent.

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  Fig. 4 Movie and paper introducing the surface models. (A) In the PDF files, the first and second movie is located on page 2 and 3, respectively. (B) The related articles are situated on the remnant pages.

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  Fig. 5 Combination of the surface models showing the anatomical knowledge that esophagus is compressed by three structures: the arch of aorta, left main bronchus, and diaphragm.

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  Fig. 6 Zoomed-in right upper limb region by selection of the bookmark 'Upper limb (Right).' (A) Highlighting of the surface model 'deltoid muscle' coincides with highlighting of the text 'deltoid muscle'. (B) Multiple clicks induce the spotlight of the muscular system including 'deltoid'.

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  Fig. 7 Sectioning of the surface models of digestive tract. The horizontal (A), coronal (B), and sagittal (C) planes.

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  Fig. 8 Stereoscopic labeling on the surface models of frontal bone and mandible.

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