J Korean Diabetes.  2013 Jun;14(2):90-93. 10.4093/jkd.2013.14.2.90.

Advanced Glycation End Products and Management of Diabetes Diet

Affiliations
  • 1Agency of National Food Cluster, Gyeonggi-do, Korea. happylhs@foodpolis.kr

Abstract

The amino groups of proteins react non-enzymatically with glucose. This posttranslational modification leads, via reversible Schiff-base adducts, to protein-bound Amadori products. Through subsequent oxidations and dehydrations, including free radical intermediates, a broad range of heterogeneous fluorescent and yellow-brown products with nitrogen- and oxygen-containing heterocycles is formed, the so-called advanced glycation endproducts (AGE). AGE are formed in food and in the human body. Endogenous AGE have been associated with numerous diabetes complications as well as with Alzheimer's disease. Antioxidants in the supplement such as vitamin C or vitamin E have a glycation reducing effect in the human body. In addition to AGE that form within the body, AGE also exist in foods. Because it had previously been assumed that dietary AGE (dAGE) are poorly absorbed, their potential role in human health and disease was largely ignored. However, recent studies showed that dAGE are absorbed and contribute significantly to the body's AGE pool. Animal-derived foods high in fat and protein are generally AGE-rich and prone to AGE formation during cooking. The formation of dAGE during cooking can be significantly reduced by cooking with moist heat, using shorter cooking times, and cooking at lower temperatures. Diet Coke contains more dAGE than classic coke, orange juice, or soda.

Keyword

Advanced glycation endproducts; Diabetes complications; Diet

MeSH Terms

Alzheimer Disease
Antioxidants
Ascorbic Acid
Citrus sinensis
Coke
Cooking
Diabetes Complications
Diet
Glucose
Glycosylation End Products, Advanced
Hot Temperature
Human Body
Humans
Protein Processing, Post-Translational
Proteins
Vitamin E
Vitamins
Antioxidants
Ascorbic Acid
Coke
Glucose
Glycosylation End Products, Advanced
Proteins
Vitamin E
Vitamins

Reference

1. Metzger BE. Diet and medical therapy in the optimal management of gestational diabetes mellitus. Nestle Nutr Workshop Ser Clin Perform Programme. 2006; 11:155–65.
Article
2. Chung CH, Kim DJ, Kim J, Kim H, Kim H, Min KW, Park SW, Park JH, Baik SH, Son HS, Ahn CW, Oh JY, Lee S, Lee J, Choi KM, Choi I, Park IB. Current status of diabetic foot in Korean patients using National Health Insurance database. J Korean Diabetes Assoc. 2006; 30:372–6.
Article
3. National Statistical Office. Annual report on the cause of death statistics (based on vital registration). Seoul: National Statistical Office;2011.
4. Haffner SM, Lehto S, Rönnemaa T, Pyörälä K, Laakso M. Mortality from coronary heart disease in subjects with type 2 diabetes and in nondiabetic subjects with and without prior myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med. 1998; 339:229–34.
Article
5. SPontiroli AE, Calderara A, Bonisolli L, De Pasqua A, Maffi P, Margonato A, Radaelli G, Gallus G, Pozza G. Risk factors for micro- and macroangiopathic complications in type 2 diabetes: lack of association with acetylator phenotype, chlorpropamide alcohol flush and ABO and Rh blood groups. Diabete Metab. 1987; 13:444–9.
6. SHarris M, Wan Q. Keeping the diabetic heart healthy. Aust Fam Physician. 2005; 34:441–5.
7. SNakamura J, Kasuya Y, Hamada Y, Nakashima E, Naruse K, Yasuda Y, Kato K, Hotta N. Glucose-induced hyperproliferation of cultured rat aortic smooth muscle cells through polyol pathway hyperactivity. Diabetologia. 2001; 44:480–7.
Article
8. Khalifah RG, Baynes JW, Hudson BG. Amadorins: novel post-Amadori inhibitors of advanced glycation reactions. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1999; 257:251–8.
Article
9. Avery NC, Bailey AJ. Enzymic and non-enzymic crosslinking mechanisms in relation to turnover of collagen: relevance to aging and exercise. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2005; 15:231–40.
Article
10. SNursten HE. Recent developments in studies of the maillard reaction. Food Chem. 1981; 6:263–77.
11. SKonova E, Baydanoff S, Atanasova M, Velkova A. Age-related changes in the glycation of human aortic elastin. Exp Gerontol. 2004; 39:249–54.
12. SJeong IH, Kim JM, Jang DS, Kim JH, Cho J-H, Kim JS. Screening of Korean herbal medicines with inhibitory activity on advanced glycation end products (AGEs) formation (III). Kor J Pharmacogn. 2009; 40:382–7.
13. SSingh R, Barden A, Mori T, Beilin L. Advanced glycation endproducts: a review. Diabetologia. 2001; 44:129–46.
Article
14. SLim J, Kim J-M, Koo SH, Kwon KC. Evaluation of the performance of ARKRAY ADAMS HA-8180 HbA1c analyzer. Lab Med Online. 2012; 2:126–30.
15. SGoldberg T, Cai W, Peppa M, Dardaine V, Baliga BS, Uribarri J, Vlassara H. Advanced glycoxidation end products in commonly consumed foods. J Am Diet Assoc. 2004; 104:1287–91.
16. SKoschinsky T, He CJ, Mitsuhashi T, Bucala R, Liu C, Buenting C, Heitmann K, Vlassara H. Orally absorbed reactive glycation products (glycotoxins): an environmental risk factor in diabetic nephropathy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997; 94:6474–9.
17. SCai W, He JC, Zhu L, Peppa M, Lu C, Uribarri J, Vlassara H. High levels of dietary advanced glycation end products transform low-density lipoprotein into a potent redox-sensitive mitogen-activated protein kinase stimulant in diabetic patients. Circulation. 2004; 110:285–91.
18. Makita Z, Yanagisawa K, Kuwajima S, Bucala R, Vlassara H, Koike T. The role of advanced glycosylation endproducts in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 1996; 11(Suppl 5):31–3.
Article
19. SLee HB, Cha MK, Song KI, KIm JH, Lee EY, Kim SI, Kim J, Yoo MH. Pathogenic role of advanced glycosylation end products in diabetic nephropathy. Kidney Int Suppl. 1997; 60:S60–5.
20. SZukowska-Szczechowska E, Tomaszewski M, Grzeszczak W. Role of advanced glycosylation end products in the pathogenesis of hypertension. Przegl Lek. 2003; 60:585–7.
21. SSourris KC, Harcourt BE, Forbes JM. A new perspective on therapeutic inhibition of advanced glycation in diabetic microvascular complications: common downstream endpoints achieved through disparate therapeutic approaches? Am J Nephrol. 2009; 30:323–35.
Article
22. Penckofer S, Schwertz D, Florczak K. Oxidative stress and cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes: the role of antioxidants and pro-oxidants. J Cardiovasc Nurs. 2002; 16:68–85.
Article
23. SRahimi R, Nikfar S, Larijani B, Abdollahi M. A review on the role of antioxidants in the management of diabetes and its complications. Biomed Pharmacother. 2005; 59:365–73.
24. Uribarri J, Woodruff S, Goodman S, Cai W, Chen X, Pyzik R, Yong A, Striker GE, Vlassara H. Advanced glycation end products in foods and a practical guide to their reduction in the diet. J Am Diet Assoc. 2010; 110:911–16. e12.
Article
25. Wautier JL, Guillausseau PJ. Advanced glycation end products, their receptors and diabetic angiopathy. Diabetes Metab. 2001; 27(5 Pt 1):535–42.
Article
Full Text Links
  • JKD
Actions
Cited
CITED
export Copy
Close
Share
  • Twitter
  • Facebook
Similar articles
Copyright © 2024 by Korean Association of Medical Journal Editors. All rights reserved.     E-mail: koreamed@kamje.or.kr