Exp Mol Med.
2012 May;44(5):311-318.
Ginkgo biloba extract (GbE) enhances the anti-atherogenic effect of cilostazol by inhibiting ROS generation
- Affiliations
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- 1Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea. gootaeg@ewha.ac.kr
- 2Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.
- 3Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.
- 4Pharmacology Team, Life Science R&D Center, SK Chemicals, Suwon 440-745, Korea.
Abstract
- In this study, the synergistic effect of 6-[4-(1-cyclohexyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl) butoxy]-3,4-dihydro-2(1H)-quinolinone (cilostazol) and Ginkgo biloba extract (GbE) was examined in apolipoprotein E (ApoE) null mice. Co-treatment with GbE and cilostazol synergistically decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in ApoE null mice fed a high-fat diet. Co-treatment resulted in a significantly decreased atherosclerotic lesion area compared to untreated ApoE mice. The inflammatory cytokines and adhesion molecules such as monocyte chemoattractant-1 (MCP-1), soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1), and VCAM-1 which can initiate atherosclerosis were significantly reduced by the co-treatment of cilostazol with GbE. Further, the infiltration of macrophages into the intima was decreased by co-treatment. These results suggest that co-treatment of GbE with cilostazol has a more potent anti-atherosclerotic effect than treatment with cilostazol alone in hyperlipidemic ApoE null mice and could be a valuable therapeutic strategy for the treatment of atherosclerosis.
Keyword
MeSH Terms
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Animals
Apolipoproteins E/genetics/physiology
Atherosclerosis/*drug therapy
Cytokines/metabolism
Disease Models, Animal
Drug Synergism
Ginkgo biloba/*chemistry
Humans
Macrophages/cytology/drug effects
Male
Mice
Mice, Nude
Plant Extracts/*administration & dosage/chemistry
Reactive Oxygen Species/*metabolism
Tetrazoles/*administration & dosage
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