J Korean Med Sci.  2011 Nov;26(11):1469-1473. 10.3346/jkms.2011.26.11.1469.

Spirometric Standards for Healthy Children and Adolescents of Korean Chinese in Northeast China

• Feng K
• Chen L
• Han SM
• Zhu GJ

• KMID: 1123447
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2011.26.11.1469

Abstract

In China there are 1,923,842 Korean Chinese, who live mostly (92.27%) in the country's three northeast provinces. In spite of this sizeable number, no spirometric data are available at present on them. The present study investigated normal spirometric reference values for the Korean Chinese children and adolescents. Spirometry was performed in 443 healthy Korean Chinese children and adolescents aged 8-18 yr with measurements of forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), peak expiratory flow (PEF) and maximum mid-expiratory flow (MMEF). Reference equations for FEV1, FVC, PEF and MMEF were derived by using multiple regression analysis. All of the measured spirometric parameters correlated positively with height and age significantly (P < 0.001). The predicted values of FVC and FEV1 were higher than values obtained by using Caucasian and other Asian equations (P < 0.001). A set of spirometric reference equations has been derived using a relatively large, healthy, non-smoking young Korean Chinese population with a wide range of ages and heights, the results of which differ from those gained from several other reference equations. These reference equations should be used for evaluation of lung function in this population.

Keyword

Child; Chinese; Korean; Lung Function; Normal Values

MeSH Terms

Adolescent
Child
China
Female
*Forced Expiratory Volume
Humans
Lung/*physiology
Male
Maximal Expiratory Flow Rate
Peak Expiratory Flow Rate
Reference Values
Republic of Korea/ethnology
Spirometry/*standards
*Vital Capacity

Reference

1. Quanjer PH, Tammeling GJ, Cotes JE, Pedersen OF, Peslin R, Yernault JC. Lung volumes and forced ventilatory flows. Report Working Party Standardization of Lung Function Tests, European Community for Steel and Coal. Official Statement of the European Respiratory Society. Eur Respir J Suppl. 1993. 16:5–40.

2. Pellegrino R, Viegi G, Brusasco V, Crapo RO, Burgos F, Casaburi R, Coates A, van der Grinten CP, Gustafsson P, Hankinson J, Jensen R, Johnson DC, MacIntyre N, McKay R, Miller MR, Navajas D, Pedersen OF, Wanger J. Interpretative strategies for lung function tests. Eur Respir J. 2005. 26:948–968.

3. Nysom K, Ulrik CS, Hesse B, Dirksen A. Published models and local data can bridge the gap between reference values of lung function for children and adults. Eur Respir J. 1997. 10:1591–1598.

4. The fifth national census data, 2001. National Bureau of Statistics of China. accessed on 14 Oct 2010. Available at http://www.stats.gov.cn/.

5. American Thoracic Society. Standardization of spirometry: 1994 update. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1995. 152:1107–1136.

6. Ip MS, Karlberg EM, Karlberg JP, Luk KD, Leong JC. Lung function reference values in Chinese children and adolescents in Hong Kong. I. Spirometric values and comparison with other populations. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2000. 162:424–429.

7. Al-Riyami BM, Al-Rawas OA, Hassan MO. Normal spirometric reference values for Omani children and adolescents. Respirology. 2004. 9:387–391.

8. Boskabady MH, Tashakory A, Mazloom R, Ghamami G. Prediction equations for pulmonary function values in healthy young Iranians aged 8-18 years. Respirology. 2004. 9:535–542.

9. Zapletal A, Paul T, Samánek M. Normal values of static pulmonary volumes and ventilation in children and adolescents. Cesk Pediatr. 1976. 31:532–539.

10. Trabelsi Y, Ben Saad H, Tabka Z, Gharbi N, Bouchez Buvry A, Richalet JP, Guenard H. Spirometric reference values in Tunisian children. Respiration. 2004. 71:511–518.

11. Azizi BH, Henry RL. Ethnic differences in normal spirometric lung function of Malaysian children. Respir Med. 1994. 88:349–356.

12. Kasamatsu J, Shima M, Yamazaki S, Tamura K, Sun G. Effects of winter air pollution on pulmonary function of school children in Shenyang, China. Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2006. 209:435–444.

13. Linares B, Guizar JM, Amador N, Garcia A, Miranda V, Perez JR, Chapela R. Impact of air pollution on pulmonary function and respiratory symptoms in children. Longitudinal repeated-measures study. BMC Pulm Med. 2010. 10:62.

14. Eroshina K, Danishevski K, Wilkinson P, McKee M. Environmental and social factors as determinants of respiratory dysfunction in junior school-children in Moscow. J Public Health (Oxf). 2004. 26:197–204.

15. Whitrow MJ, Harding S. Ethnic differences in adolescent lung function: anthropometric, socioeconomic, and psychosocial factors. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2008. 177:1262–1267.