J Vet Sci.  2008 Dec;9(4):421-423. 10.4142/jvs.2008.9.4.421.

Circadian variations in salivary chromogranin a concentrations during a 24-hour period in dogs

• Kanai K
• Hino M
• Hori Y
• Nakao R
• Hoshi F
• Itoh N
• Higuchi S

• KMID: 1104919
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4142/jvs.2008.9.4.421

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to determine if salivary chromogranin a secretion in dogs exhibits a circadian rhythm. Saliva sampling was performed during three different sessions occurring in three nonconsecutive 24-h periods. Sixteen healthy adult beagle dogs (8 males and 8 females) were moved to a sampling room and housed individually in cages. Saliva samples were obtained every 4 h from 12:00 p.m. to 12:00 p.m. the following day. In the interest of habituation, saliva was obtained hourly from each dog 3 h before the experiment was started. Salivary chromogranin A concentrations were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. No circadian rhythm was detected for salivary chromogranin A secretion, and no differences in salivary chromogranin A concentrations measured every 4 h were demonstrated during the 24-h cycle in dogs.

Keyword

chromogranin A; circadian variations; dog; saliva

MeSH Terms

Animals
Chromogranin A/*analysis/*metabolism
*Circadian Rhythm
Dogs/*physiology
Saliva/*chemistry

Figure

• 

  Fig. 1 Circadian variations in salivary CgA concentrations in 16 dogs during a 24-h period (mean ± SD). Saliva sampling was performed on three nonconsecutive days. Sixteen healthy adult dogs (8 male and 8 female) were housed in individual cages. Salivary samples were taken at 4-h intervals between 12:00 a.m. and 12:00 p.m. the following day.

• 

  Fig. 2 Time course of salivary CgA concentrations in male and female dogs (mean ± SD).

Reference

1. Akiyoshi H, Aoki M, Shimada T, Noda K, Kumagai D, Saleh N, Sugii S, Ohashi F. Measurement of plasma Chromogranin A concentrations for assessment of stress responses in dogs with insulin-induced hypoglycemia. Am J Vet Res. 2005. 66:1830–1835.

2. Banks P, Helle K. The release of protein from the stimulated adrenal medulla. Biochem J. 1965. 97:40C–41C.

3. Blaschko H, Comline RS, Schneider FH, Silver M, Smith AD. Secretion of a chromaffin granule protein, chromogranin, from the adrenal gland after splanchnic stimulation. Nature. 1967. 215:58–59.

4. Den R, Toda M, Nagasawa S, Kitamura K, Morimoto K. Circadian rhythm of human salivary chromogranin A. Biomed Res. 2007. 28:57–60.

5. Depalatis L, Moore J, Falvo RE. Plasma concentrations of testosterone and LH in the male dog. J Reprod Fertil. 1978. 52:201–207.

6. Gobello C, Bolognani F, de la Sota RL, Goya RG. Twenty-four-hour profiles of serum prolactin and luteinizing hormone in anoestrous crossbred bitches. Reprod Domest Anim. 2001. 36:41–45.

7. Gobello C, Corrada YA, Castex GL, de la Sota RL, Goya RG. Secretory patterns of growth hormone in dogs: circannual, circadian, and ultradian rhythms. Can J Vet Res. 2002. 66:108–111.

8. Hendy GN, Bevan S, Mattei MG, Mouland AJ. Chromogranin A. Clin Invest Med. 1995. 18:47–65.

9. Kanno T, Asada N, Nagasawa S, Yanaihara N. [Ca2+] i-dependent secretory responses (salivary chromogranin A, flow and protein) to α- and β-adrenergic stimulation in isolated and perfused rat submandibular glands. Biomed Res. 2001. 22:33–43.

10. Kemppainen RJ, Sartin JL. Evidence for episodic but not circadian activity in plasma concentrations of adrenocorticotrophin, cortisol and thyroxine in dogs. J Endocrinol. 1984. 103:219–226.

11. Koyama T, Omata Y, Saito A. Changes in salivary cortisol concentrations during a 24-hour period in dogs. Horm Metab Res. 2003. 35:355–357.

12. Nakane H, Asami O, Yamada Y, Harada T, Matsui N, Kanno T, Yanaihara N. Salivary chromogranin A as an index of psychosomatic stress response. Biomed Res. 1998. 19:401–406.

13. Saruta J, Tsukinoki K, Sasaguri K, Ishii H, Yasuda M, Osamura YR, Watanabe Y, Sato S. Expression and localization of chromogranin A gene and protein in human submandibular gland. Cells Tissues Organs. 2005. 180:237–244.

14. Sato F, Kanno T, Nagasawa S, Yanaihara N, Ishida N, Hasegawa T, Iwanaga T. Immunohistochemical localization of chromogranin A in the acinar cells of equine salivary glands contrasts with rodent glands. Cells Tissues Organs. 2002. 172:29–36.

15. Takahashi Y, Ebihara S, Nakamura Y, Takahashi K. A model of human sleep-related growth hormone secretion in dogs: effects of 3, 6, and 12 hours of forced wakefulness on plasma growth hormone, cortisol, and sleep stages. Endocrinology. 1981. 109:262–272.

16. Takiyyuddin MA, Neumann HP, Cervenka JH, Kennedy B, Dinh TQ, Ziegler MG, Baron AD, O'Connor DT. Ultradian variations of chromogranin A in humans. Am J Physiol. 1991. 261:R939–R944.

17. Thun R, Eggenberger E, Zerobin K. 24-hour profiles of plasma cortisol and testosterone in the male dog: absence of circadian rhythmicity, seasonal influence and hormonal interrelationships. Reprod Domest Anim. 1990. 25:68–77.

18. Winkler H, Fischer-Colbrie R. The chromogranins A and B: The first 25 years and future perspectives. Neuroscience. 1992. 49:497–528.