J Vet Sci.  2008 Mar;9(1):67-74. 10.4142/jvs.2008.9.1.67.

An inactivated vaccine to control the current H9N2 low pathogenic avian influenza in Korea

• Choi JG
• Lee YJ
• Kim YJ
• Lee EK
• Jeong OM
• Sung HW
• Kim JH
• Kwon JH

• KMID: 1102955
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4142/jvs.2008.9.1.67

Abstract

The H9N2 subtype low pathogenic avian influenza is one of the most prevalent avian diseases worldwide, and was first documented in 1996 in Korea. This disease caused serious economic loss in Korea's poultry industry. In order to develop an oil-based inactivated vaccine, a virus that had been isolated in 2001 (A/chicken/Korea/01310/ 2001) was selected based on its pathogenic, antigenic, and genetic properties. However, in animal experiments, the efficacy of the vaccine was found to be very low without concentration of the antigen (2(7) to 2(10) hemagglutinin unit). In order to overcome the low productivity, we passaged the vaccine candidate virus to chicken eggs. After the 20th passage, the virus was approximately ten times more productive compared with the parent virus. For the most part, the passaged virus maintained the hemagglutinin cleavage site amino acid motif (PATSGR/GLF) and had only three amino acid changes (T133N, V216G, E439D, H3 numbering) in the hemagglutinin molecule, as well as 18 amino acid deletions (55-72) and one amino acid change (E54D) in the NA stalk region. The amino acid changes did not significantly affect the antigenicity of the vaccine virus when tested by hemagglutination inhibition assay. Though not complete, the vaccine produced after the 20th passage of the virus (01310 CE20) showed good protection against a homologous and recent Korean isolate (A/chicken/Korea/Q30/2004) in specific pathogen- free chickens. The vaccine developed in this study would be helpful for controlling the H9N2 LPAI in Korea.

Keyword

AI; avian influenza; H9N2; inactivated vaccine; LPAI

MeSH Terms

Animals
Chickens
Gene Expression Regulation, Viral
Hemagglutinins/genetics
Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype/*immunology/pathogenicity
Influenza Vaccines/*immunology
Influenza in Birds/epidemiology/*prevention & control/*virology
Korea/epidemiology
Neuraminidase/genetics
Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms
Time Factors
Vaccines, Inactivated/*immunology

Figure

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  Fig. 1 Growth curves of the vaccine strain (01310 CE20) according to the virus titer (log10EID50/0.1 ml) of the inocula.

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