Korean J Ophthalmol.  2007 Sep;21(3):163-168. 10.3341/kjo.2007.21.3.163.

Relations between Age, Weight, Refractive Error and Eye Shape by Computerized Tomography in Children

Affiliations
  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea. DrMYs@inha.ac.kr

Abstract

PURPOSE: To investigate relationships between age, weight, refractive error, and morphologic changes in children's eyes by computerized tomography (CT). METHODS: Of the 772 eyes of 386 patients under the age of 20 years, who visited our Department of Ophthalmology between January 2005 to August 2006 and underwent CT of the orbit, 406 eyes of 354 patients with clear CT images and normal eyeball contour were enrolled in the present retrospective study. The axial lengths, widths, horizontal and vertical lengths, refractive errors, and body weight of eyes were measured, and relationship between these parameters were investigated. RESULTS: Axial length was found to correlate significantly with eye width (r=0.914), and in emmetropic eyes and myopic eyes, axial lengths and widths were found to increase as age and body weight increased. Axial lengths increased rapidly until age 10, and then increased slowly. In emmetropic eyes, widths / axial lengths increased with age, but in myopic eyes these decreased as age or severity of myopia increased. Moreover, as age increased, the myopic population and severity also increased. CONCLUSIONS: The axial length was longer in case of myopia compared to emmetropia in all age groups and there was almost no difference in the increase rate of axial length by the age of myopia and emmetropia. However, the width was wider in case of myopia compared to emmetropia in all age groups and the increase rate of width in myopia by age was smaller than that of emmetropia. Myopia showed decreasing rate of width/axial length with increase of age, from 1.004 in 5 years to 0.971 in 20 years. However, emmetropia showed increasing rate of width/axial length with increase of age, from 0.990 in 5 years to 1.006 in 20 years.

Keyword

Computerized tomography; Development; Morphological change; Refractive error; Weight

MeSH Terms

Adolescent
*Aging
*Body Weight
Child
Child, Preschool
Eye/*radiography
Female
Humans
Male
Myopia/*radiography
Orbit/radiography
Retrospective Studies
*Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Figure

  • Fig. 1 Measurements of eye by computed tomography. (A) Axial length: The distance through the visual axis from the posterior corneal surface to the posterior pole of the eye in axial view. Width: The distance between temporal and nasal ends of the eye in axial view. (B) Horizontal length: The distance between temporal and nasal ends of the eye in the largest coronal view. Vertical length: The distance between top and bottom ends of the eye in the largest coronal view.

  • Fig. 2 Relationship between age and axial length, body weight and axial length. (A) Relationship between age and axial length in age 0~10 years (r=0.725, p<0.001) and 10~20 years (r=0.166, p=0.043). (B) Relationship between body weight and axial length (r=0.723, p<0.001).

  • Fig. 3 Relationship between spherical equivalent and axial length, spherical equivalent and width/axial length. (A) Relationship between spherical equivalent and axial length in myopia (r=-0.598, p<0.001) and the total population (r=-0.595, p<0.001). (B) Relationship between spherical equivalent and width/axial length in myopia (r=0.575, p<0.001) and in the total population (r=0.495, p<0.001). (C) Relationship between age and spherical equivalent in myopia (r=-0.335, p=0.004). (D) Relationship between age and the proportion of myopic eyes in the total population (r=0.634, p=0.002).

  • Fig. 4 Relationships between age and axial length, age and width, age and width/axial length in myopia and emmetropia. (A) Relationships between age and axial length in myopia (r=0.372, p=0.003) and emmetropia (r=0.480, p<0.001). (B) Relationships between age and width in myopia (r=0.198, p=0.129) and emmetropia (r=0.517, p<0.001). (C) Relationships between age and width/axial length in myopia (r=-0.452, p<0.001) and emmetropia (r=0.250, p=0.025).


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