Microscopic Characteristics of Lower Eyelid Retractors in Koreans
- Affiliations
-
- 1Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. yswoph@catholic.ac.kr
- 2Department of Anatomy, Catholic Institute for Applied Anatomy, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
- KMID: 1098638
- DOI: http://doi.org/10.3341/kjo.2011.25.5.344
Abstract
- PURPOSE
To identify the microscopic characteristics of lower eyelid retractors in Korean individuals and to elucidate age-related changes in lower eyelid retractors.
METHODS
Eighteen Korean lower eyelids from formalin-fixed cadavers were stained with Masson's trichrome. Specimens were divided into two groups based on age at death (group A, < or =65 years; group B, >65 years), and the microscopic findings were analyzed and compared by light microscopy.
RESULTS
The capsulopalpebral fascia (CPF) had distinct junctions and no fusion with orbital septum in 14 eyelids (77.8%). The CPF was fused with the orbital septum in only two eyelids (11.1%). Although not significant, the inferior tarsal muscle was closer to the tarsus in group A (1.24 +/- 0.71 mm) than group B (2.14 +/- 1.18 mm, p = 0.07), and the tarsal height tended to be longer in group B (4.71 +/- 0.55 mm) than group A (4.16 +/- 1.01 mm, p = 0.20). Tarsal fatty infiltration was more evident in group B.
CONCLUSIONS
The CPF was rarely fused with the orbital septum in our sample of Korean lower eyelids. Although we did not identify any remarkable age-related changes in lower eyelid structures, there was a tendency for the lower retractor to loosen from the tarsus and for increased fatty infiltration in the lower eyelids from elderly individuals.
MeSH Terms
Figure
-
Fig. 1 Microscopic view of cross section of Asian lower eyelid (Masson trichrome stain, ×40). T = tarsal plate; O = orbicularis; OF = orbital fat; IO = inferior oblique.
Fig. 2 Microscopic views of cross sections of Korean lower eyelids (Masson trichrome stain, ×250). (A) is a lower eyelid from group A. The capsulopalpebral fascia (CPF) attached to the inferior and posterior tarsal surface and it did not fuse with the orbital septum. (B) is a lower eyelid from group B. The CPF attached to the posterior tarsal surface and the orbital septum is indistinct at the tarsus level. Fatty infiltration is more prominent in (B). Inferior tarsal muscle was observed below the tarsus along the CPF running. T = tarsal plate; O = orbicularis; OF = orbital fat; ITM = inferior tarsal muscle; CPF = capsulopalpebral fascia; S = orbital septum; A = palpebral marginal arcade.
Reference
-
1. Doxanas MT, Anderson RL. Oriental eyelids. An anatomic study. Arch Ophthalmol. 1984. 102:1232–1235.2. Amrith S. Oriental eyelids: anatomical and surgical considerations. Singapore Med J. 1991. 32:316–318.3. Zubiri JS. Correction of the Oriental eyelid. Clin Plast Surg. 1981. 8:725–737.4. Sayoc BT. Surgery of the Oriental eyelid. Clin Plast Surg. 1974. 1:157–171.5. Weingarten CZ. Blepharoplasty in the Oriental eye. Trans Sect Otolaryngol Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol. 1976. 82:ORL 442–ORL 446.6. Vallabhanath P, Carter SR. Ectropion and entropion. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2000. 11:345–351.7. Carter SR, Chang J, Aguilar GL, et al. Involutional entropion and ectropion of the Asian lower eyelid. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg. 2000. 16:45–49.8. Lim WK, Rajendran K, Choo CT. Microscopic anatomy of the lower eyelid in asians. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg. 2004. 20:207–211.9. Kakizaki H, Jinsong Z, Zako M, et al. Microscopic anatomy of Asian lower eyelids. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg. 2006. 22:430–433.10. Carter SR, Seiff SR, Grant PE, Vigneron DB. The Asian lower eyelid: a comparative anatomic study using high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg. 1998. 14:227–234.11. Baek SH, Yang SW, Choi WC. The capsulopalpebral fascia repair for senile entropion. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc. 2002. 43:1355–1361.12. Kim SY, Shin SJ, Yang SW, Han SH. Microscopic anatomy of the lower eyelid in Koreans. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc. 2006. 47:292–296.
