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Spatiotemporal expression of RCAN1 and its isoform RCAN1-4 in the mouse hippocampus after pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus

Cho KO, Jeong KH, Cha JH, Kim SY

Regulator of calcineurin 1 (RCAN1) can be induced by an intracellular calcium increase and oxidative stress, which are characteristic features of temporal lobe epilepsy. Thus, we investigated the spatiotemporal expression...
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Big data differential analysis of microglial cell responses in neurodegenerative diseases

Tabassum R, Jeong NY, Chung HJ

Microarray technology has become an indispensable tool for monitoring the levels of gene expression in a given organism through organization, analysis, interpretation, and utilization of biological sequences. Importantly, preliminary microarray...
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Exercise and Neuroinflammation in Health and Disease

Seo DY, Heo JW, Ko JR, Kwak HB

Neuroinflammation is a central pathological feature of several acute and chronic brain diseases, including Alzheimer disease (AD), Parkinson disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and multiple sclerosis (MS). It induces...
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Inflammation as the Potential Basis in Depression

Maeng SH, Hong H

There is growing evidence of the association between inflammation and stress-related disorders including depression. The positive correlation between the increased levels of inflammatory cytokines observed in patients with other diseases...
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Cellular and Molecular Mediators of Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer Disease

Yang SH

Alzheimer disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of neuronal cells and the progressive decline of cognitive function. The major pathological culprit of AD is aggregation of...
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S1P₁ Regulates M1/M2 Polarization toward Brain Injury after Transient Focal Cerebral Ischemia

Gaire BP, Bae YJ, Choi JW

M1/M2 polarization of immune cells including microglia has been well characterized. It mediates detrimental or beneficial roles in neuroinflammatory disorders including cerebral ischemia. We have previously found that sphingosine 1-phospate...
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Lipopolysaccharide induces neuroglia activation and NF-κB activation in cerebral cortex of adult mice

Kang JB, Park DJ, Shah MA, Kim MO, Koh PO

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) acts as an endotoxin, releases inflammatory cytokines, and promotes an inflammatory response in various tissues. This study investigated whether LPS modulates neuroglia activation and nuclear factor kappa B...
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Asiatic Acid Protects Dopaminergic Neurons from Neuroinflammation by Suppressing Mitochondrial ROS Production

Chen D, Zhang XY, Sun J, Cong QJ, Chen WX, Ahsan HM, Gao J, Qian JJ

This study sought to evaluate the effects of Asiatic acid in LPS-induced BV2 microglia cells and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-pyridine (MPP⁺)-induced SH-SY5Y cells, to investigate the potential anti-inflammatory mechanisms of Asiatic acid in...
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HDAC Inhibition by Valproic Acid Induces Neuroprotection and Improvement of PD-like Behaviors in LRRK2 R1441G Transgenic Mice

Kim T, Song S, Park Y, Kang S, Seo H

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the late-onset neurodegenerative movement disorder. Major pathological markers of PD include progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons, Lewy body formation, genetic mutations, and environmental factors....
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Increased CD68/TGFβ Co-expressing Microglia/Macrophages after Transient Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion in Rhesus Monkeys

Yeo HG, Hong JJ, Lee Y, Yi KS, Jeon CY, Park J, Won J, Seo J, Ahn YJ, Kim K, Baek SH, Hwang EH, Kim G, Jin YB, Jeong KJ, Koo BS, Kang P, Lim KS, Kim SU, Huh JW, Kim YH, Son Y, Kim JS, Choi CH, Cha SH, Lee SR

The function of microglia/macrophages after ischemic stroke is poorly understood. This study examines the role of microglia/macrophages in the focal infarct area after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in...
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Increased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor-C and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3 after pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus in mice

Cho KO, Kim JY, Jeong KH, Lee MY, Kim SY

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C and its receptor, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)-3, are responsible for lymphangiogenesis in both embryos and adults. In epilepsy, the expression of VEGF-C and...
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Analgesic Effect of Toll-like Receptor 4 Antagonistic Peptide 2 on Mechanical Allodynia Induced with Spinal Nerve Ligation in Rats

Yin Y, Park H, Lee SY, Lee WH, Song HJ, Kim J, Kim DW, Hong J

Neuroinflammation is one of the key mechanisms of neuropathic pain, which is primarily mediated by the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathways in microglia. Therefore, TLR4 may be a reasonable...
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Theracurmin Ameliorates Cognitive Dysfunctions in 5XFAD Mice by Improving Synaptic Function and Mitigating Oxidative Stress

Kim J, Kim J, Huang Z, Goo N, Bae HJ, Jeong Y, Park HJ, Cai M, Cho K, Jung SY, Bae SK, Ryu JH

As the elderly population is increasing, Alzheimer's disease (AD) has become a global issue and many clinical trials have been conducted to evaluate treatments for AD. As these clinical trials...
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Role of Agmatine on Neuroglia in Central Nervous System Injury

Barua S, Kim JY, Lee JE

Recovery from central nervous system (CNS) injury, such as stroke or spinal cord injury (SCI), largely depends on axonal regeneration, and the neuronal and glial cells plasticity in the lesioned...
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Peripheral Biomarkers for First-Episode Psychosis—Opportunities from the Neuroinflammatory Hypothesis of Schizophrenia

Trovão N, Prata J, VonDoellinger O, Santos S, Barbosa M, Coelho R

OBJECTIVE: Schizophrenia is a disabling disorder of unknown aetiology, lacking definite diagnostic method and cure. A reliable biological marker of schizophrenia is highly demanded, for which traceable immune mediators in...
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CRISPR/Cas9 Edited sRAGE-MSCs Protect Neuronal Death in Parkinson's Disease Model

Lee J, Bayarsaikhan D, Arivazhagan R, Park H, Lim B, Gwak P, Jeong GB, Lee J, Byun K, Lee B

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a fatal and progressive degenerative disease of the nervous system. Until recently, its promising treatment and underlying mechanisms for neuronal death are poorly...
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Neuroprotective Effects of 6-Shogaol and Its Metabolite, 6-Paradol, in a Mouse Model of Multiple Sclerosis

Sapkota A, Park SJ, Choi JW

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by progressive neuronal loss, neuroinflammation, axonal degeneration, and demyelination. Previous studies have reported that 6-shogaol, a major constituent of ginger (Zingiber officinale...
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Brain-Gut-Microbiota Axis in Alzheimer's Disease

Kowalski K, Mulak A

  • KMID: 2433497
  • J Neurogastroenterol Motil.
  • 2019 Jan;25(1):48-60.
  • doi: 10.5056/jnm18087
Disturbances along the brain-gut-microbiota axis may significantly contribute to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most frequent cause of dementia characterized by a progressive decline in...
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Anti-neuroinflammatory Effects of 12-Dehydrogingerdione in LPS-Activated Microglia through Inhibiting Akt/IKK/NF-κB Pathway and Activating Nrf-2/HO-1 Pathway

Zhao D, Gu MY, Xu JL, Zhang LJ, Ryu SY, Yang HO

Ginger, one of worldwide consumed dietary spice, is not only famous as food supplements, but also believed to exert a variety of remarkable pharmacological activity as herbal remedies. In this...
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Treadmill Exercise Improves Motor Function by Suppressing Purkinje Cell Loss in Parkinson Disease Rats

Lee JM, Kim TW, Park SS, Han JH, Shin MS, Lim BV, Kim SH, Baek SS, Cho YS, Kim KH

PURPOSE: Rotenone is the most widely used neurotoxin for the making Parkinson disease (PD) animal model. The neurodegenerative disorder PD shows symptoms, such as slowness of movements, tremor at resting,...
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