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Anatomical variations of the stylopharyngeus and superior constrictors in relation to their function

Choi DY, Bae JH, Hu KS, Kim HJ

The aims of this study were to clarify the topography and variations stylopharyngeus (STP) and superior constrictor (SC) muscles, and to examine what role they play in the pharyngeal movement....
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A rare case of trifid mandibular canal with bilateral retromolar foramina

There are many reported anatomical variations of the mandibular canal. Consequently, there is great variation in the retromolar area, such as the quantity, size, and location of the retromolar foramen...
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Caudal regression syndrome and a pelvic kidney:case report

Hage D, Iwanaga J, Dumont AS, Tubbs RS

Caudal regression syndrome (CRS) is a rare congenital variation. A high incidence of renal and genitourinary malformations has been observed in patients with CRS, with the most common being neurogenic...
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Direct drainage of the basal vein of Rosenthal into the superior petrosal sinus: a literature review

Gutierrez S, Iwanaga J, Dumont AS, Tubbs RS

An adult male was found to have a variation of the left basal vein of Rosenthal after presenting with complaints of headache and balance issues. In this case, the vein...
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An unusual finding of the pectoralis major muscle: decussation of sternal fibers across the midline

Burley H, Georgiev GP, Iwanaga J, Dumont AS, Tubbs RS

Variations of the pectoralis major muscle are commonly seen. However, during the routine dissection of an adult male cadaver, an apparently uncommon muscular variant was identified. In this cadaver, the...
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The terminal ventricle of Saguinus leucopus (Primate)

Duque Parra JE, Aguirre García MA, Vélez García JF

The terminal ventricle is a dilation of the ventricular system located within the spinal cord, which is enveloped in ependymal cells that are involved in the dynamic of the cerebrospinal...
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Intraluminal anatomy of the transverse sinus: implications for endovascular therapy

Altafulla JJ, Prickett J, Iwanaga J, Dumont AS, Tubbs RS

Trabeculae or septations in the transverse sinus can have potentially life-threatening clinical significance. The current study demonstrates trabecula/septum patterning within the transverse sinus with measurements and distribution data supplemented by...
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An unusual anatomical variation of the inferior alveolar nerve

Maekawa S, Nagata M, Matsushita Y, Tubbs RS, Iwanaga J

A number of studies have previously shown variations of inferior alveolar, however, only a few reports focused on nearby the foramen ovale. In a formalin fixed cadaver, we identified three...
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New insights in anterior cruciate ligament morphology: implications for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction surgeries

Lalwani R, Srivastava R, Kotgirwar S, Athavale SA

The frequency of injury of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), the importance of anatomy in surgical repair and potential of the injured ACL to predispose to osteoarthritis necessitates the need for...
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Fetal development of the human trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles

Cho KH, Morimoto I, Yamamoto M, Hanada S, Murakami G, Rodríguez-Vázquez JF, Abe S

At present, there is no photographic evidence of splitting of the trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles (SCMs), which share a common anlage that extends caudally toward the limb bud in the...
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A rice bran phytochemical, cyanidin 3-glucoside, inhibits the progression of PC3 prostate cancer cell

Jongsomchai K, Leardkamolkarn V, Mahatheeranont S

Prostate cancer is one of the high incidences and the most invasive cancer that is also highly resistant to chemotherapy. Currently, several natural products have been considering using as the...
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Anatomical study and branching point of neurovascular structures at the medial side of the ankle

Inthasan C, Vaseenon T, Mahakkanukrauh P

Nerve entrapment and blood circulation impairment associated with the medial side of the ankle are not uncommon. The purpose of this study was to describe the anatomical basis of neurovascular...
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Comparative evaluation of the ultrastructural morphology and distribution of filiform and fungiform tongue papillae in Egyptian mice, fruit bats and long-eared hedgehogs

Haggag T, Mahmoud EF, Salem ZA, AbuBakr N

The tongue is a specialized vital organ. It aids in mastication, deglutition and food digestion. It also shares in the perception of taste sensation as it possesses various gustatory papillae....
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Case report of a vertical straight sinus with hydrocephalus and Chiari I malformation

Hage D, Iwanaga J, Dumont AS, Tubbs RS

The straight sinus is a division of the dural venous sinuses, found beneath the splenium of the corpus callosum. At the internal occipital protuberance, it comes together with the superior...
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Cervical nerve roots and the dural sheath: a histological study using human fetuses near term

Kitamura K, Yamamoto M, Hirota Y, Sato N, Machida T, Ishikawa N, Yamamoto H, Murakami G, Abe S

We have previously reported that the thoracolumbar posterior nerve root shows a tortuous epidural course, based on studies of human fetuses near term. For comparison with the cervical nerve, examinations...
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Duplication of the odontoid process with other congenital defects of the craniocervical Junction: case report and review of the literature

Zeoli T, Iwanaga J, Bui C, Dumont AS, Tubbs RS

Duplication of the odontoid process remains a rare developmental pathology that is underrepresented in the current literature. As the pivot point for the craniovertebral junction, the odontoid process is vital...
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Camillo Golgi (1843 –1926): scientist extraordinaire and pioneer figure of modern neurology

Ghosh SK

Camillo Golgi was an extraordinary scientist whose contributions in the domain of neuroanatomy proved to be critical for emergence of neuroscience as a sovereign scientific discipline. Golgi’s invention of the...
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Effect of cypermethrin on the postnatal development of the medulla oblongata and the possible protective role of melatonin in albino rats

Al-Gholam MA, Issa NM

Previous studies have shown that cypermethrin (CYP), a broad spectrum pesticide has a teratogenic effect on rat offspring born to an exposed dam with no information on its effect on...
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Retromandibular vein position and course patterns in relation to mandible: anatomical morphologies requiring particular vigilance during sagittal split ramus osteotomy

Sugahara K, Matsunaga S, Yamamoto M, Noguchi T, Morita S, Koyachi M, Koyama Y, Koyama T, Kasahara N, Abe S, Katakura A

Major bleeding associated with sagittal split ramus osteotomy (SSRO) involves vessels such as the inferior alveolar, facial, and maxillary arteries and veins, and the retromandibular vein (RMV). The present study...
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Acromial morphology and morphometry associated with subacromial impingement syndrome

Chaimongkhol T, Benjachaya S, Mahakkanukrauh P

Acromion is a major associated structure of subacromial impingement syndrome, one of the most common diagnoses in chronic shoulder pain world-wide. The aims of this study are to study morphometry...
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