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Prolyl 4 Hydroxylase: A Critical Target in the Pathophysiology of Diseases

Kant R, Bali A, Singh N, Jaggi AS

Prolyl 4 hydroxylases (P4H) are iron- and 2-oxoglutamate-dependent dioxygenase enzymes and hypoxia-inducible transcription factor (HIF)-P4Hs play a critical role in the regulating oxygen homeostasis in the local tissues as well...
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Ginsenoside Rg2 Inhibits Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Adhesion Molecule Expression in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cell

Cho YS, Kim CH, Ha TS, Lee SJ, Ahn HY

Vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), P- and E-selectin play a pivotal role for initiation of atherosclerosis. Ginsenoside, a class of steroid glycosides, is abundant...
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Effect of Cholera Toxin Administered Supraspinally or Spinally on the Blood Glucose Level in Pain and D-Glucose Fed Animal Models

Sim YB, Park SH, Kang YJ, Kim SS, Kim CH, Kim SJ, Jung JS, Ryu OH, Choi MG, Choi SS, Suh HW

In the present study, the effect of intrathecal (i.t.) or intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration with cholera toxin (CTX) on the blood glucose level was examined in ICR mice. The i.t. treatment...
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Oxytocin Ameliorates Remote Liver Injury Induced by Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion in Rats

Tas Hekimoglu A, Toprak G, Akkoc H, Evliyaoglu O, Ozekinci S, Kelle I

Renal ischemia-reperfusion (IR) causes remote liver damage. Oxytocin has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the protective function of oxytocin (OT) in remote...
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Effects of Histamine on Cultured Interstitial Cells of Cajal in Murine Small Intestine

Kim BJ, Kwon YK, Kim E, So I

Interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) are the pacemaker cells in the gastrointestinal tract, and histamine is known to regulate neuronal activity, control vascular tone, alter endothelial permeability, and modulate gastric...
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Resveratrol Inhibits GABAC rho Receptor-Mediated Ion Currents Expressed in Xenopus Oocytes

Lee BH, Choi SH, Hwang SH, Kim HJ, Lee JH, Nah SY

Resveratrol is a phytoalexin found in grapes, red wine, and berries. Resveratrol has been known to have many beneficial health effects, such as anti-cancer, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and life-prolonging effects. However,...
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Inhibitory Effects of Ginsenoside Metabolites, Compound K and Protopanaxatriol, on GABAC Receptor-Mediated Ion Currents

Lee BH, Hwang SH, Choi SH, Kim HJ, Lee JH, Lee SM, Ahn YG, Nah SY

Ginsenosides, one of the active ingredients of Panax ginseng, show various pharmacological and physiological effects, and they are converted into compound K (CK) or protopanaxatriol (M4) by intestinal microorganisms. CK...
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Insulin Like Growth Factor Binding Protein-5 Regulates Excessive Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats via ERK 1/2 Phosphorylation

Lee DH, Kim JE, Kang YJ

Insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs) are important components of insulin growth factor (IGF) signaling pathways. One of the binding proteins, IGFBP-5, enhances the actions of IGF-1, which include the...
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Signaling Pathway of Lysophosphatidic Acid-Induced Contraction in Feline Esophageal Smooth Muscle Cells

Nam YS, Suh JS, Song HJ, Sohn UD

Lysolipids such as LPA, S1P and SPC have diverse biological activities including cell proliferation, differentiation, and migration. We investigated signaling pathways of LPA-induced contraction in feline esophageal smooth muscle cells....
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Ginsenosides Have a Suppressive Effect on c-Fos Expression in Brain and Reduce Cardiovascular Responses Increased by Noxious Stimulation to the Rat Tooth

Jung JY, Seong KJ, Moon IO, Cho JH, Kim SH, Kim WJ

The purpose of this study is to investigate the antinociceptive effects of ginsenosides on toothache. c-Fos immunoreactive (IR) neurons were examined after noxious intrapulpal stimulation (NS) by intrapulpal injection of...
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