Investig Clin Urol.
2021 Sep;62(5):500-519. 10.4111/icu.20210194.
Prominence of urinary biomarkers for bladder cancer in the COVID-19 era: From the commercially available to new prospective candidates
- Affiliations
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- 1Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
- 2Department of Urology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea
- 3Institute of Urotech, Cheongju, Korea
- KMID: 2519521
- DOI: http://doi.org/10.4111/icu.20210194
Abstract
- Molecular markers detected in urine may improve our understanding of the evolution of bladder cancer (BCa) and its micro- and macroenvironment. Detection of such markers will identify disease earlier, allow stratification of patients according to risk, and improve prognostication and prediction of outcomes, thereby facilitating targeted therapy. However, current guidelines have yet to embrace such markers for routine management of BCa, and most research studies have focused on urine-based tumor markers. In this review, we summarize known urinary biomarkers for BCa and highlight newly identified molecules. We then discuss the challenges that must be overcome to incorporate these markers into clinical care.
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