J Bone Metab.  2015 Aug;22(3):119-126. 10.11005/jbm.2015.22.3.119.

Comparison of Calcium Intake Status by Region and Socioeconomic Status in Korea: The 2011-2013 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

• Lim HS
• Park YH
• Lee HH
• Kim TH
• Kim SK

• KMID: 2170108
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.11005/jbm.2015.22.3.119

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Calcium is an essential element nutrient in our body, and insufficient calcium intake is very common in Korean. Socioeconomic status (SES) is known to be associated with quality of diet and health. The purpose of this study was to compare between calcium intake by region and SES.
METHODS
This study used data from a nationally represented sample of Koreans (n=19,249) from 2011 to 2013 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. We were divided into six regions: Seoul and Gyeonggi-do, Gangwon-do, Chungcheong-do, Jeolla-do, Gyeongsang-do, and Jeju-do. Daily calcium intake and dietary quality based on 24 hr recall data was calculated and analyzed by the sex, age, SES.
RESULTS
The regions with the highest calcium intakes in both males and females were Seoul and Gyeonggi-do. The age groups with a significant difference in calcium intake, nutrient adequacy ratio, and nutrient density by region were 14 to 19, 20 to 29, and > or =65 years. Calcium intake and dietary quality were lowest in the low household income group. In terms of being a recipient of the dietary life supply, the calcium intake and dietary quality of the recipient group was low.
CONCLUSIONS
We found that daily calcium intake was very different by region and was significantly lower in region with lower SES. The findings of this study suggest social inequalities in calcium intake by region can be addressed in the development and implementation of tailored nutritional interventions to promote calcium nutritional status of Koreans.

Keyword

Calcium; Diet; Socioeconomic factors

MeSH Terms

Calcium*
Diet
Family Characteristics
Female
Gangwon-do
Gyeonggi-do
Humans
Jeju-do
Korea*
Male
Nutrition Surveys*
Nutritional Status
Seoul
Social Class*
Socioeconomic Factors
Calcium

Figure

• 

  Fig. 1 Factors showed the lowest calcium intake by region. *Calcium intake. †Calcium intakes ratio vs. the Korean recommended calcium allowance. NBLSS, national basic livelihood security supply; NDLS, national dietary life supply.

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