Korean J Health Promot.  2015 Dec;15(4):175-184. 10.15384/kjhp.2015.15.4.175.

The Relationship between Daily Sodium Intake and Obesity in Korean Adults

Affiliations
  • 1Department of Family Medicine, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea. jinseungkim@inje.ac.kr

Abstract

BACKGROUND
World health organization (WHO) recommended daily sodium intake less than 2 g. To assess the validity of WHO recommendation, we investigated the relationship between daily sodium intake and obesity.
METHODS
A total of 14,694 participants aged > or =19 years who had no missing data for nutrition, chronic disease, health behavior, economic status and laboratory findings from the 5th Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES-V), which was performed from 2010 to 2012. Obesity was defined as having a body mass index of 25 kg/m2 or higher. Daily sodium intake was calculated from 24 hour recall and divided into five categories (<2 g, 2-4 g, 4-6 g, 6-8 g, > or =8 g). The association between daily sodium intake and obesity was analyzed using multiple logistic regressions.
RESULTS
Higher sodium intake in men had an increased risk of obesity with odds ratios (ORs) of 1.27 for 2-4 g intake (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.97-1.67), 1.40 for 4-6 g intake (95% CI, 1.07-1.85), 1.41 for 6-8 g intake (95% CI, 1.05-1.89), and 1.61 for > or =8 g intake (95% CI, 1.19-2.18), compared to men with less than 2 g intake, after adjusting for confounding factors. The P value for trend of ORs in each group for men was 0.020. In women, compared to the lesser than 2 g intake, only > or =8 g intake group had an OR of 1.28 (95% CI, 1.02-1.62) without showing significant P for trend (P value for trend=0.221)
CONCLUSIONS
We found that sodium intake more than 2 g per day was independently related to the increased risk of obesity in men. Therefore, to minimize the risk of obesity, we suggest taking sodium less than 2 g per day.

Keyword

Sodium; Obesity; Energy intake; World Health Organization

MeSH Terms

Adult*
Body Mass Index
Chronic Disease
Energy Intake
Female
Health Behavior
Humans
Logistic Models
Male
Nutrition Surveys
Obesity*
Odds Ratio
Sodium*
World Health Organization
Sodium

Figure

  • Figure 1. Flow chart of subjects’ selection.

  • Figure 2. Trend of odds ratio for obesity according to daily sodium intake in men.


Cited by  3 articles

Associations of Obesity and Dyslipidemia with Intake of Sodium, Fat, and Sugar among Koreans: a Qualitative Systematic Review
Yoon Jung Kang, Hye Won Wang, Se Young Cheon, Hwa Jung Lee, Kyung Mi Hwang, Hae Seong Yoon
Clin Nutr Res. 2016;5(4):290-304.    doi: 10.7762/cnr.2016.5.4.290.

Effect on 12-week Intensive Dietary and Exercise Program on Weight Reduction and Maintenance in Obese Women with Weight Cycling History
Ha Nui Kwon, Sang-Seok Nam, Yoo Kyoung Park
Clin Nutr Res. 2017;6(3):183-197.    doi: 10.7762/cnr.2017.6.3.183.

Relationship of sodium consumption with obesity in Korean adults based on Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2010∼2014
Se Young Cheon, Hye Won Wang, Hwa Jung Lee, Kyung Mi Hwang, Hae Seong Yoon, Yoon Jung Kang
J Nutr Health. 2017;50(1):64-73.    doi: 10.4163/jnh.2017.50.1.64.


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