J Korean Ophthalmol Soc.  2010 Sep;51(9):1184-1195. 10.3341/jkos.2010.51.9.1184.

Effects of Amount of Myopic Correction on Long-term Changes in Higher-order Wavefront Aberrations in ASA-PRK

• Kim JS
• Lee SB

• KMID: 2122284
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.3341/jkos.2010.51.9.1184

Abstract

PURPOSE
To evaluate the effects of the amount of myopic correction on long-term changes in higher-order wavefront aberrations (HOAs) in advanced surface ablation-photorefractive keratectomy (ASA-PRK).
METHODS
The 193 eyes of 101 patients who underwent ASA-PRK were divided into two groups according to the amount of myopic correction by the median value (Group 1 < or = -4.37D, 97 eyes, mean -3.26 +/- 0.77D; Group 2 > -4.37D, 96 eyes, mean -5.77 +/- 1.00D). Wavefront aberrometry was performed to measure total HOA, coma, trefoil, and spherical aberration preoperatively and at 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 months after ASA-PRK. Statistical analysis was performed to compare changes in all HOAs between the two groups.
RESULTS
Each magnitude of total HOA, coma, and spherical aberration except trefoil significantly increased at 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 months postoperatively in each group (p<0.05), and the increases were statistically significantly higher in group 2 compared to those of group 1 (p<0.05). The amount of changes in all HOAs except trefoil revealed that statistically significantly higher increases in group 2 compared to those of group 1 were determined only in the short-term period (up to 1 month, p<0.05), but not in the medium-term (1 to 6 months) or long-term periods (6 to 24 months).
CONCLUSIONS
Postoperative total HOA, coma, and spherical aberration significantly increased in both groups, and these increases in surgery-induced HOAs were significantly higher in group 2 (> -4.37D). Increases in ASA-PRK-induced HOAs primarily originated from short-term changes in the postoperative one-month period and did not return to the preoperative level during the postoperative two-year period.

Keyword

ASA-PRK; Higher-order wavefront aberration; Long-term change; Myopic correction; PRK

MeSH Terms

Aberrometry
Aniline Compounds
Coma
Eye
Humans
Lotus
Aniline Compounds

Figure

• 

  Figure 1 The relationship between ASA-PRK-induced HOAs including total HOA, coma, trefoil, and spherical aberration and the amount of myopic correction for overall 193 eyes. *p<0.05, simple linear regression analysis; †Postop = postoperative; ‡m = months; §n = number of eyes; ∥HOA = higher-order wavefront aberration; #SA = spherical aberration; ΦR2 = regression coefficients; θSEop = spherical equivalent at operation.

• 

  Figure 2 Time course of change in higher-order wavefront aberrations during postoperative 24 months after PRK in group I (myopic correction ≤ -4.37D). Bars indicate standard error of the mean. *p<0.05, paired t-test; †Preop = preoperative; ‡m = months; §HOA = higher-order wavefront aberration; ∥SA = spherical aberration.

• 

  Figure 3 Time course of change in higher-order wavefront aberrations during postoperative 24 months after PRK in group II (myopic correction > -4.37D). Bars indicate standard error of the mean. *p<0.05, paired t-test; †Preop = preoperative; ‡m = months; §HOA = higher-order wavefront aberration; ∥SA = spherical aberration.

Reference

1. Trattler WB, Barnes SD. Current trends in advanced surface ablation. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2008. 19:330–334.

2. Randleman JB, Loft ES, Banning CS, et al. Outcomes of wavefront-optimized surface ablation. Ophthalmology. 2007. 114:983–988.

3. Ghadhfan F, Al-Rajhi A, Wagoner MD. Laser in situ keratomileusis versus surface ablation: visual outcomes and complications. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2007. 33:2041–2048.

4. Stonecipher K, Ignacio TS, Stonecipher M. Advances in refractive surgery: microkeratome and femtosecond laser flap creation in relation to safety, efficacy, predictability, and biomechanical stability. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2006. 17:368–372.

5. Trokel SL, Srinivasan R, Braren B. Excimer laser surgery of the cornea. Am J Ophthalmol. 1983. 96:710–715.

6. Gartry DS, Kerr Muir MG, Marshall J. Excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy. 18-month follow-up. Ophthalmology. 1992. 99:1209–1219.

7. Tengroth B, Epstein D, Fagerholm P, et al. Excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy for myopia. Clinical results in sighted eyes. Ophthalmology. 1993. 100:739–745.

8. Moreno-Barriuso E, Lloves JM, Marcos S, et al. Ocular aberrations before and after myopic corneal refractive surgery: LASIK-induced changes measured with laser ray tracing. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2001. 42:1396–1403.

9. Oshika T, Klyce SD, Applegate RA, et al. Comparison of corneal wavefront aberrations after photorefractive keratectomy and laser in situ keratomileusis. Am J Ophthalmol. 1999. 127:1–7.

10. Marshall J, Trokel SL, Rothery S, Krueger RR. Long-term healing of the central cornea after photorefractive keratectomy using an excimer laser. Ophthalmology. 1988. 95:1411–1421.

11. Seiler T, Holschbach A, Derse M, et al. Complications of myopic photorefractive keratectomy with the excimer laser. Ophthalmology. 1994. 101:153–160.

12. Lee SB, Chung MS. Advanced Surface Ablation-Photorefractive Keratectomy (ASA-PRK): Safety and clinical outcome for the correction of mild to moderate myopia with a thin cornea. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc. 2006. 47:1274–1286.

13. Oliver KM, Hemenger RP, Corbett MC, et al. Corneal optical aberrations induced by photorefractive keratectomy. J Refract Surg. 1997. 13:246–254.

14. Tanabe T, Miyata K, Samejima T, et al. Influence of wavefront aberration and corneal subepithelial haze on low-contrast visual acuity after photorefractive keratectomy. Am J Ophthalmol. 2004. 138:620–624.

15. Neeracher B, Senn P, Schipper I. Glare sensitivity and optical side effects 1 year after photorefractive keratectomy and laser in situ keratomileusis. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2004. 30:1696–1701.

16. Lee MJ, Lee SM, Lee HJ, et al. The changes of posterior corneal surface and high-order aberrations after refractive surgery in moderate myopia. Korean J Ophthalmol. 2007. 21:131–136.

17. Wigledowska-Promienska D, Zawojska I. Changes in higher order aberrations after wavefront-guided PRK for correction of low to moderate myopia and myopic astigmatism: two-year follow-up. Eur J Ophthalmol. 2007. 17:507–514.

18. Mrochen M, Kaemmerer M, Mierdel P, Seiler T. Increased higher-order optical aberrations after laser refractive surgery: a problem of subclinical decentration. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2001. 27:362–369.

19. Seiler T, Kaemmerer M, Mierdel P, Krinke HE. Ocular optical aberrations after photorefractive keratectomy for myopia and myopic astigmatism. Arch Ophthalmol. 2000. 118:17–21.

20. Martinez CE, Applegate RA, Klyce SD, et al. Effect of pupillary dilation on corneal optical aberrations after photorefractive keratectomy. Arch Ophthalmol. 1998. 116:1053–1062.

21. Lee SB, Choi BH. Analysis of higher-order wavefront aberrations in standard PRK. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc. 2005. 46:1454–1463.

22. He JC, Burns SA, Marcos S. Monochromatic aberrations in the accommodated human eye. Vision Res. 2000. 40:41–48.

23. Wang Y, Zhao K, Jin Y, et al. Changes of higher order aberration with various pupil sizes in the myopic eye. J Refract Surg. 2003. 19:S270–S274.

24. Miyamoto T, Saika S, Yamanaka A, et al. Wound healing in rabbit corneas after photorefractive keratectomy and laser in situ keratomileusis. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2003. 29:153–158.

25. Oshika T, Miyata K, Tokunaga T, et al. Higher order wavefront aberrations of cornea and magnitude of refractive correction in laser in situ keratomileusis. Ophthalmology. 2002. 109:1154–1158.

26. Buzzonetti L, Petrocelli G, Valente P, et al. Comparison of corneal aberration changes after laser in situ keratomileusis performed with mechanical microkeratome and IntraLase femtosecond laser: 1-year follow-up. Cornea. 2008. 27:174–179.

27. Steinert RF, Fynn-Thompson N. Relationship between preoperative aberrations and postoperative refractive error in enhancement of previous laser in situ keratomileusis with the LADARVision system. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2008. 34:1267–1272.

28. Marcos S, Barbero S, Llorente L, Merayo-Lloves J. Optical response to LASIK surgery for myopia from total and corneal aberration measurements. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2001. 42:3349–3356.

29. Seo KY, Lee JB, Kang JJ, et al. Comparison of higher-order aberrations after LASEK with a 6.0 mm ablation zone and a 6.5 mm ablation zone with blend zone. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2004. 30:653–657.

30. Oh SJ SJ, Lee IS, Lee YG, et al. Comparison of higher-order aberrations between wavefront-guided laser in situ keratomileusis and laser epithelial keratomileusis. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc. 2004. 45:1652–1658.

31. Lee SB, Hwang BS, Lee JY. Effects of decentration of photorefractive keratectomy on the induction of higher order wavefront aberrations. J Refract Surg. 2009. 1–13. doi: 10.3928/1081597X-20091209-01. [Epub ahead of print].

32. Marcos S. Aberrations and visual performance following standard laser vision correction. J Refract Surg. 2001. 17:S596–S601.

33. Hjortdal JO, Olsen H, Ehlers N. Prospective randomized study of corneal aberrations 1 year after radial keratotomy or photorefractive keratectomy. J Refract Surg. 2002. 18:23–29.

34. Oshika T, Klyce SD, Applegate RA, Howland HC. Changes in corneal wavefront aberrations with aging. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1999. 40:1351–1355.

35. Cheng X, Bradley A, Hong X, Thibos LN. Relationship between refractive error and monochromatic aberrations of the eye. Optom Vis Sci. 2003. 80:43–49.

36. McLellan JS, Marcos S, Burns SA. Age-related changes in monochromatic wave aberrations of the human eye. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2001. 42:1390–1395.

37. Nagy ZZ, Palagyi-Deak I, Kelemen E, Kovacs A. Wavefront-guided photorefractive keratectomy for myopia and myopic astigmatism. J Refract Surg. 2002. 18:S615–S619.

38. Yang SJ, Kim TI, Cha HW. Comparison of wavefront-guided LASIK and conventional LASIK. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc. 2004. 45:117–124.

39. Mrochen M, Kaemmerer M, Seiler T. Clinical results of wavefront-guided laser in situ keratomileusis 3 months after surgery. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2001. 27:201–207.

40. Pallikaris IG, Kymionis GD, Panagopoulou SI, et al. Induced optical aberrations following formation of a laser in situ keratomileusis flap. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2002. 28:1737–1741.

41. Munnerlyn CR, Koons SJ, Marshall J. Photorefractive keratectomy: a technique for laser refractive surgery. J Cataract Refract Surg. 1988. 14:46–52.

42. Schwiegerling J, Snyder RW. Corneal ablation patterns to correct for spherical aberration in photorefractive keratectomy. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2000. 26:214–221.

43. Halliday BL. Refractive and visual results and patient satisfaction after excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy for myopia. Br J Ophthalmol. 1995. 79:881–887.