1. Kim JH, Jung SS, Lee IK, Song BJ, Moon JH, Jang YS, et al. Status and prospect of workforce requirement for surgery in republic of Korea. J Korean Surg Soc. 2011; 81:363–373.
2. Kim SK. How to save surgical residents in crisis. J Korean Surg Soc. 2009; 76:207–214.
3. Selye H. The stress of life. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co.;1956.
4. Newbury-Birch D, Kamali F. Psychological stress, anxiety, depression, job satisfaction, and personality characteristics in preregistration house officers. Postgrad Med J. 2001; 77:109–111.
5. West CP, Tan AD, Habermann TM, Sloan JA, Shanafelt TD. Association of resident fatigue and distress with perceived medical errors. JAMA. 2009; 302:1294–1300.
6. Balch CM, Freischlag JA, Shanafelt TD. Stress and burnout among surgeons: understanding and managing the syndrome and avoiding the adverse consequences. Arch Surg. 2009; 144:371–376.
7. Harms BA, Heise CP, Gould JC, Starling JR. A 25-year single institution analysis of health, practice, and fate of general surgeons. Ann Surg. 2005; 242:520–526.
8. Yeo H, Viola K, Berg D, Lin Z, Nunez-Smith M, Cammann C, et al. Attitudes, training experiences, and professional expectations of US general surgery residents: a national survey. JAMA. 2009; 302:1301–1308.
9. Weinstein DF. Duty hours for resident physicians: tough choices for teaching hospitals. N Engl J Med. 2002; 347:1275–1278.
10. Chang SJ, Koh SB, Kang D, Kim SA, Kang MG, Lee CG, et al. Developing an Occupational Stress Scale for Korean employees. Korean J Occup Environ Med. 2005; 17:297–317.
11. Maslach C, Jackson SE, Leiter MP. Maslach burnout inventory. Evaluating stress: a book of resources. London: The Scarecrow Press Inc.;1997. p. 191–218.
12. Cho JJ, Kim JY, Chang SJ, Fiedler N, Koh SB, Crabtree BF, et al. Occupational stress and depression in Korean employees. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2008; 82:47–57.
13. Kang SH, Boo YJ, Lee JS, Han HJ, Jung CW, Kim CS. High occupational stress and low career satisfaction of Korean surgeons. J Korean Med Sci. 2015; 30:133–139.
14. Veasey S, Rosen R, Barzansky B, Rosen I, Owens J. Sleep loss and fatigue in residency training: a reappraisal. JAMA. 2002; 288:1116–1124.
15. Shanafelt TD, Balch CM, Bechamps GJ, Russell T, Dyrbye L, Satele D, et al. Burnout and career satisfaction among American surgeons. Ann Surg. 2009; 250:463–471.
16. Yoo MW, Lee IK, Ahn HS, Kim JW, Lee HJ, Lee KU, et al. Survey of the residency training program in surgery. J Korean Surg Soc. 2008; 74:1–9.
17. Morrison CA, Wyatt MM, Carrick MM. Impact of the 80-hour work week on mortality and morbidity in trauma patients: an analysis of the National Trauma Data Bank. J Surg Res. 2009; 154:157–162.
18. Durkin ET, McDonald R, Munoz A, Mahvi D. The impact of work hour restrictions on surgical resident education. J Surg Educ. 2008; 65:54–60.
19. de Virgilio C, Yaghoubian A, Lewis RJ, Stabile BE, Putnam BA. The 80-hour resident workweek does not adversely affect patient outcomes or resident education. Curr Surg. 2006; 63:435–439.
20. Shanafelt TD, Oreskovich MR, Dyrbye LN, Satele DV, Hanks JB, Sloan JA, et al. Avoiding burnout: the personal health habits and wellness practices of US surgeons. Ann Surg. 2012; 255:625–633.
21. Bertges Yost W, Eshelman A, Raoufi M, Abouljoud MS. A national study of burnout among American transplant surgeons. Transplant Proc. 2005; 37:1399–1401.
22. Bittner JG 4th, Khan Z, Babu M, Hamed O. Stress, burnout, and maladaptive coping: strategies for surgeon well-being. Bull Am Coll Surg. 2011; 96:17–22.
23. Maslach C. Job burnout new directions in research and intervention. Curr Dir Psychol Sci. 2003; 12:189–192.