J Korean Acad Conserv Dent.  2003 Jul;28(4):341-347. 10.5395/JKACD.2003.28.4.341.

Analysis of temperature rise on the root surface during continuous wave of condensation technique

• Kim YJ
• Hwang YC
• Kim SH
• Hwang IN
• Choi BY
• Jeong YJ
• Juhng WN
• Oh WM

• KMID: 1987258
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.5395/JKACD.2003.28.4.341

Abstract

This study was conducted to evaluate the temperature rise on the root surface while the root canal is being obturated using continuous wave of condensation technique. Maxillary central incisor was prepared for repeated canal obturation. Ten thermocouples (Omega Engineering Inc., Stanford, USA) were placed at 1 mm increment from the anatomical root apex. The real temperature of Buchanan plugger was recorded before insertion into the root canal. The root canal was obturated with continuous wave of condensation technique as described by Buchanan and the root surface temperature was recorded during obturation at 150degrees C, 200degrees C, 250degrees C and 300degrees C temperature settings of System B HeatSource (Model 1005, Analytic technologies, Redmond, WA, USA). After completion of the temperature recording, the dentinal-cementum thickness at each sites was measured. The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Scheffe' s test and linear regression test. The results were as follows. 1. When the temperature was set at 150degrees C, 200degrees C, 250degrees C and 300degrees C on the digital display of System B HeatSource, the real temperature of the plugger at the 1mm point from the tip revealed 130.82+/-2.96degrees C, 158.00+/-5.26degrees C, 215.92+/-6.91degrees C and 249.88+/-3.65degrees C respectively. 2. The position of 8 mm from the anatomical apex showed the highest temperature increase at each temperature settings and it was significantly higher than those of other positions (p<0.01). The temperature rise was constantly increased toward coronal portion from apex of the root. 3. The maximum temperature increase on the root surface was 2.37+/-0.09degrees C at 150degrees C setting, 3.11+/-0.12degrees C at 200degrees C setting, 3.93+/-0.09degrees C at 250degrees C setting and 5.69+/-0.15degrees C at 300degrees C setting respectively. These results suggest that it be relatively kind to the supporting tissues of the root that the root canal is obturated using continuous wave of condensation technique at 150degrees C, 200degrees C, 250degrees C and 300degrees C temperature settings on digital temperature display of System B HeatSource.

Keyword

Continuous wave of condensation technique; Thermocouple

MeSH Terms

Dental Pulp Cavity
Incisor
Linear Models

Figure

• 

  Fig. 1 Components of tooth model.

• 

  Fig. 2 Diagram showing the placement of thermocouples on the root surface. T1: 1 mm from the anatomical apex, T10: 10 mm from the anatomical apex.

• 

  Fig. 3 Schematic illustration of the whole system.

• 

  Fig. 4 Maximum temperature increase on the root surface. Bar represents no significant difference between two temperature settings at the same site on the root surface.

• 

  Fig. 5 Representative temperature rise at 8 mm from the anatomical apex of the root by time of measurement.

Reference

1. Schilder H. Filling root canals in three dimensions. Dent Clin North Am. 1967. 723–744.

2. Nguyen NT. Obturation of the Root Canal System. Pathways of the Pulp. 1994. 6th ed. St. Louis: Mosby Co.;219–271.

3. Hand RE, Huget EF, Tsaknis PJ. Effects of a warm gutta-percha technique on the lateral periodontium. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1976. 42:395–401.

4. Marlin J, Schilder H. Physical properties of gutta-percha when subjected to heat and vertical condensation. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1973. 36:872–879.

5. Barkhordar RA, Goodis HE, Watanabe L, Koumdjian J. Evaluation of temperature rise on the outer surface of teeth during root canal obturation techniques. Quintessence Int. 1990. 21:585–588.

6. Eriksson A, Albrektsson T, Grane B, McQueen D. Thermal injury to bone: A vital-microscopic description of heat effect. Int J Oral Surg. 1982. 11:115–121.

7. Eriksson RA, Albrektsson T. The effect of heat on bone regeneration. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1984. 42:705–711.

8. Eriksson AR, Albrektsson T. Temperature threshold levels for heat-induced bone tissue injury: A vital-microscopic study in the rabbit. J Prosthet Dent. 1983. 50:101–107.

9. Buchanan LS. The continuous wave of obturation technique: 'Centered' condensation of warm gutta percha in 12 seconds. Dent Today. 1996. 15:60–67.

10. Weller RN, Jurcak JJ, Donley DL, Kulild JC. A new model system for measuring intracanal temperatures. J Endod. 1991. 17:491–494.

11. Choi SA, Kim SH, Hwang YC, Youn C, Oh BJ, Choi BY, Juhng WN, Jeong SW, Hwang IN, Oh WM. Infrared thermographic analysis of temperature rise on the surface of buchanan plugger. J Korean Acad Conserv Dent. 2002. 27:382–388.

12. Analytic Technology Corp. Instruction guidelines for system B HeatSource model 1005. 1997. Glendora, California, USA:

13. Jurcak JJ, Weller RN, Kulild JC, Donley DL. In vitro intracanal temperatures produced during warm lateral condensation of gutta-percha. J Endod. 1992. 18:1–3.

14. Goodman A, Schilder H, Aldrich W. The thermomechanical properties of gutta-percha. Part IV. A thermal profile of the warm gutta-percha packing procedure. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1981. 51:544–551.

15. Lee FS, Van Cura JE, BeGole E. A comparison of root surface temperatures using different obturation heat sources. J Endod. 1998. 24:617–620.

16. Floren JW, Weller RN, Pashley DH, Kimbrough WF. Changes in root surface temperatures with in vitro use of the system B HeatSource. J Endod. 1999. 25:593–595.

17. Mc Cullagh JJ, Setchell DJ, Gulabivala K, Hussey DL, Biagioni P, Lamey PJ, Bailey G. A comparison of thermocouple and infrared thermographic analysis of temperature rise on the root surface during the continuous wave of condensation technique. Int Endod J. 2000. 33:326–332.

18. Biagioni PA, Longmore RB, McGimpsey JG, Lamey P-J. Infrared thermography. Its role in dental research with particular reference to craniomandibular disorders. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 1996. 25:119–124.