J Korean Diabetes.  2011 Mar;12(1):25-28. 10.4093/jkd.2011.12.1.25.

Effect of Exercise on Cardiovascular Disease in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus (Aerobic vs. Resistance)

Affiliations
  • 1Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. medica7@gmail.com

Abstract

The beneficial effects of exercise in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are caused by improvement of various cardiovascular risk factors. Previous studies have shown that there is a dose-dependent negative relationship between aerobic exercise and risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Furthermore, many recent studies reported that both aerobic and resistance exercise are equally beneficial for improvement of diverse CVD risk factors as well as better glucose control. Exercise especially improves HbA1c, HDL-cholesterol, blood pressure, and central obesity.Aerobic exercise that uses large muscle structure leads to improve aerobic fitness (VO2max). Increase of VO2max and improvement of insulin sensitivity is strongly correlated. On the other hand, resistance exercise induces a hypertrophy of muscle and muscle-fiber type shifting. Therefore, resistance training is beneficial for increment of muscle mass. These changes allow potential increase of glucose utilization. In patients with type 2 diabetes, exercise training is useful for controlling glucose and other metabolic risk factors. However, exercise training must be implemented with proper pre-assessment of cardiovascular risk.

Keyword

Aerobic exercise; Resistance exercise; Type 2 diabetes; Cardiovascular disease

MeSH Terms

Blood Pressure
Cardiovascular Diseases
Diabetes Mellitus
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
Exercise
Glucose
Hand
Humans
Hypertrophy
Insulin Resistance
Muscles
Resistance Training
Risk Factors
Glucose

Reference

1. Marwick TH, Hordern MD, Miller T, Chyun DA, Bertoni AG, Blumenthal RS, Philippides G, Rocchini A. Exercise training for type 2 diabetes mellitus: impact on cardiovascular risk: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2009; 119:3244–62.
2. Kim EJ, Min HK, Choi YK, Lee TH, Huh KB, Shin SH, Kang SK, Kim KW, Lee HC. Diabetology. 3rd ed.Seoul: Korea Diabetes Association;2005.
3. Ryan AS, Hurlbut DE, Lott ME, Ivey FM, Fleg J, Hurley BF, Goldberg AP. Insulin action after resistive training in insulin resistant older men and women. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2001; 49:247–53.
Article
4. Albright A, Franz M, Hornsby G, Kriska A, Marrero D, Ullrich I, Verity LS. American College of Sports Medicine position stand. Exercise and type 2 diabetes. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2000; 32:1345–60.
5. Ishii T, Yamakita T, Sato T, Tanaka S, Fujii S. Resistance training improves insulin sensitivity in NIDDM subjects without altering maximal oxygen uptake. Diabetes Care. 1998; 21:1353–5.
Article
6. Snowling NJ, Hopkins WG. Effects of different modes of exercise training on glucose control and risk factors for complications in type 2 diabetic patients: a meta-analysis. Diabetes Care. 2006; 29:2518–27.
Article
7. Baldi JC, Snowling N. Resistance training improves glycaemic control in obese type 2 diabetic men. Int J Sports Med. 2003; 24:419–23.
Article
8. Sigal RJ, Kenny GP, Boule NG, Wells GA, Prud'homme ´ D, Fortier M, Reid RD, Tulloch H, Coyle D, Phillips P, Jennings A, Jaffey J. Effects of aerobic training, resistance training, or both on glycemic control in type 2 diabetes: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 2007; 147:357–69.
9. Maiorana A, O'Driscoll G, Cheetham C, Dembo L, Stanton K, Goodman C, Taylor R, Green D. The effect of combined aerobic and resistance exercise training on vascular function in type 2 diabetes. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2001; 38:860–6.
Article
10. Kim SH, Lee SJ, Kang ES, Kang S, Hur KY, Lee HJ, Ahn CW, Cha BS, Yoo JS, Lee HC. Effects of lifestyle modification on metabolic parameters and carotid intima-media thickness in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Metabolism. 2006; 55:1053–9.
Article
11. Wong CY, Byrne NM, O'Moore-Sullivan T, Hills AP, Prins JB, Marwick TH. Effect of weight loss due to lifestyle intervention on subclinical cardiovascular dysfunction in obesity (body mass index >30 kg/m2). Am J Cardiol. 2006; 98:1593–8.
12. Metkus TS Jr, Baughman KL, Thompson PD. Exercise prescription and primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Circulation. 2010; 121:2601–4.
Article
13. Soman VR, Koivisto VA, Deibert D, Felig P, DeFronzo RA. Increased insulin sensitivity and insulin binding to monocytes after physical training. N Engl J Med. 1979; 301:1200–4.
Article
14. Braith RW, Magyari PM, Pierce GL, Edwards DG, Hill JA, White LJ, Aranda JM Jr. Effect of resistance exercise on skeletal muscle myopathy in heart transplant recipients. Am J Cardiol. 2005; 95:1192–8.
Article
15. Holten MK, Zacho M, Gaster M, Juel C, Wojtaszewski JF, Dela F. Strength training increases insulin-mediated glucose uptake, GLUT4 content, and insulin signaling in skeletal muscle in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes. 2004; 53:294–305.
Article
16. Host HH, Hansen PA, Nolte LA, Chen MM, Holloszy JO. Rapid reversal of adaptive increases in muscle GLUT-4 and glucose transport capacity after training cessation. J Appl Physiol. 1998; 84:798–802.
17. Baechle TR, Earle RW. National Strength and Conditioning Association. Essentials of strength training and conditioning. 2nd ed.Champaign: Human Kinetics;2000.
18. Sigal RJ, Kenny GP, Wasserman DH, Castaneda-Sceppa C, White RD. Physical activity/exercise and type 2 diabetes: a consensus statement from the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care. 2006; 29:1433–8.
Full Text Links
  • JKD
Actions
Cited
CITED
export Copy
Close
Share
  • Twitter
  • Facebook
Similar articles
Copyright © 2024 by Korean Association of Medical Journal Editors. All rights reserved.     E-mail: koreamed@kamje.or.kr