J Nutr Health.  2016 Oct;49(5):347-357. 10.4163/jnh.2016.49.5.347.

Bone mineral density and nutritional state according to milk consumption in Korean postmenopausal women who drink coffee: Using the 2008~2009 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Affiliations
  • 1Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
  • 2Graduate School of Education, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea. yssuh@cnu.ac.kr

Abstract

PURPOSE
This study investigated bone mineral density and nutritional state according to consumption of milk in Korean postmenopausal women who drink coffee.
METHODS
Using the 2008~2009 Korean National Health & Nutrition Examination Survey data, a total of 1,373 postmenopausal females aged 50 yrs and over were analyzed after excluding those with diseases related to bone health. According to coffee and/or milk consumption, subjects were divided into four groups: coffee only, both coffee & milk, milk only, and none of the above. All data were processed after application of weighted values and adjustment of age, body mass index, physical activity, drinking, and smoking using a general linear model. For analysis of nutrient intake and bone density, data were additionally adjusted by total energy and calcium intake.
RESULTS
The coffee & milk group had more subjects younger than 65 yrs and higher education, urban residents, and higher income than any other group. The coffee only group showed somewhat similar characteristics as the none of the above group, which showed the highest percentage of subjects older than 65 and in a lower education and socio-economic state. Body weight, height, body mass index, and lean mass were the highest in coffee & milk group and lowest in the none of the above group. On the other hand, the milk only group showed the lowest values for body mass index and waist circumference, whereas percent body fat did not show any difference among the groups. The coffee and milk group showed the highest bone mineral density in the total femur and lumbar spine as well as the highest nutritional state and most food group intakes, followed by the milk only group, coffee only group, and none of the above group. In the assessment of osteoporosis based on T-score of bone mineral density, although not significant, the coffee and milk group and milk only group, which showed a better nutritional state, included more subjects with a normal bone density, whereas the none of the above group included more subjects with osteoporosis than any other group.
CONCLUSION
Bone mineral density in postmenopausal women might not be affected by coffee drinking if their diets are accompanied by balanced food and nutrient intake including milk.

Keyword

postmenopausal women; bone mineral density; T-score; coffee and milk intake; nutritional state

MeSH Terms

Adipose Tissue
Body Height
Body Mass Index
Body Weight
Bone Density*
Calcium
Coffee*
Diet
Drinking
Education
Female
Femur
Hand
Humans
Korea*
Linear Models
Milk*
Motor Activity
Nutrition Surveys*
Osteoporosis
Smoke
Smoking
Spine
Waist Circumference
Calcium
Coffee
Smoke

Cited by  2 articles

Milk Intake Patterns with Lactose and Milk Fat in Korean Male Adults
Jung-Hyun Kim, Min Sook Kyung, Sung Hee Min, Myung-Hee Lee
Korean J Community Nutr. 2018;23(6):488-495.    doi: 10.5720/kjcn.2018.23.6.488.

Study on the osteoporosis knowledge, concern about osteoporosis factors, and health behavior to prevent osteoporosis of women in Jeonbuk area
Hyun Ju Lee, Jeong Ok Rho
J Nutr Health. 2018;51(6):526-537.    doi: 10.4163/jnh.2018.51.6.526.


Reference

1. Ministry of Health and Welfare, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Korea Health Statistics 2011: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES V-2). Cheongwon: Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention;2012.
2. Ilich JZ, Kerstetter JE. Nutrition in bone health revisited: a story beyond calcium. J Am Coll Nutr. 2000; 19(6):715–737.
Article
3. Mohammadi F, Hamid TA, Yazid MN, Othman Z, Mahmud R. Lifestyle factors influencing bone mineral density in postmenopausal Malaysian women. J Life Sci. 2011; 8(2):132–139.
4. Spencer H, Kramer L. NIH Consensus Conference: osteoporosis. Factors contributing to osteoporosis. J Nutr. 1986; 116(2):316–319.
5. Kim HS, Jung GH, Jang DM, Kim SH, Lee BK. Increased calcium intake through milk consumption and bone mineral density of elderly women living in Asan. J Korean Diet Assoc. 2005; 11(2):242–250.
6. Heaney RP. Dairy and bone health. J Am Coll Nutr. 2009; 28:Suppl 1. 82S–90S.
Article
7. Seo HB, Choi YS. Sex- and age group-specific associations between intakes of dairy foods and pulses and bone health in Koreans aged 50 years and older: based on 2008~2011 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. J Nutr Health. 2016; 49(3):165–178.
Article
8. Kim KM, Choi SH, Lim S, Moon JH, Kim JH, Kim SW, Jang HC, Shin CS. Interactions between dietary calcium intake and bone mineral density or bone geometry in a low calcium intake population (KNHANES IV 2008-2010). J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2014; 99(7):2409–2417.
Article
9. Mun SO, Kim J, Yang YJ. Factors associated with bone mineral density in Korean postmenopausal women aged 50 years and above: using 2008-2010 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Korean J Community Nutr. 2013; 18(2):177–186.
Article
10. Lee CH, Oh ST. Changes of coffee intake according to the sociodemographic characteristics of the people over 50 and the elderly in Korea: analysis of data from the 2001/2011 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. Korean J Culinary Res. 2014; 20(3):64–79.
11. Heaney RP. Effects of caffeine on bone and the calcium economy. Food Chem Toxicol. 2002; 40(9):1263–1270.
Article
12. Heaney RP, Recker RR. Effects of nitrogen, phosphorus, and caffeine on calcium balance in women. J Lab Clin Med. 1982; 99(1):46–55.
13. Massey LK, Hollingbery PW. Acute effects of dietary caffeine and aspirin on urinary mineral excretion in pre- and postmenopausal women. Nutr Res. 1988; 8(8):845–851.
Article
14. Harris SS, Dawson-Hughes B. Caffeine and bone loss in healthy postmenopausal women. Am J Clin Nutr. 1994; 60(4):573–578.
Article
15. Meyer HE, Pedersen JI, Løken EB, Tverdal A. Dietary factors and the incidence of hip fracture in middle-aged Norwegians. A prospective study. Am J Epidemiol. 1997; 145(2):117–123.
Article
16. Massey LK, Bergman EA, Wise KJ, Sherrard DJ. Dietary caffeine lowers serum ultra filtrable calcium and raises serum bone alkaline phosphatase in older women consuming low dietary calcium. J Bone Miner Res. 1989; 4(S1):245.
17. Barrett-Connor E, Chang JC, Edelstein SL. Coffee-associated osteoporosis offset by daily milk consumption. The Rancho Bernardo Study. JAMA. 1994; 271(4):280–283.
Article
18. Lloyd T, Johnson-Rollings N, Eggli DF, Kieselhorst K, Mauger EA, Cusatis DC. Bone status among postmenopausal women with different habitual caffeine intakes: a longitudinal investigation. J Am Coll Nutr. 2000; 19(2):256–261.
Article
19. Tucker KL, Chen H, Hannan MT, Cupples LA, Wilson PW, Felson D, Kiel DP. Bone mineral density and dietary patterns in older adults: the Framingham Osteoporosis Study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2002; 76(1):245–252.
Article
20. Feskanich D, Willett WC, Colditz GA. Calcium, vitamin D, milk consumption, and hip fractures: a prospective study among postmenopausal women. Am J Clin Nutr. 2003; 77(2):504–511.
Article
21. Lee JS, Yu CH, Chung CE. Relation between milk consumption and bone mineral density of female college students in Korea. Korean J Nutr. 2006; 39(5):451–459.
22. Kalkwarf HJ, Khoury JC, Lanphear BP. Milk intake during childhood and adolescence, adult bone density, and osteoporotic fractures in US women. Am J Clin Nutr. 2003; 77(1):257–265.
Article
23. Shin J, Kim SY, Yoon J. Status of coffee intake in South Korea: analysis of 2007-2009 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Korean J Community Living Sci. 2016; 27(1):83–93.
Article
24. Kim HJ. Coffee mix tums out to be sugar mix [Internet]. Seoul: Hankyoreh;2014. cited 2015 Mar 16. Available from: http://www.hani.co.kr/arti/economy/consumer/646239.html.
25. Lee BE, Lee HJ, Cho EA, Hwang KT. Fatty acid compositions of fats in commercial coffee creamers and instant coffee mixes and their sensory characteristics. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr. 2012; 41(3):362–368.
Article
26. Jung HJ, Song WO, Paik HY, Joung H. Dietary characteristics of macronutrient intake and the status of metabolic syndrome among Koreans. Korean J Nutr. 2011; 44(2):119–130.
Article
27. Choi MK, Jun YS. A study on nutrient intake status according to coffee intake in Korea female college students. J East Asian Soc Diet Life. 1997; 7(3):375–382.
28. Lloyd T, Rollings N, Eggli DF, Kieselhorst K, Chinchilli VM. Dietary caffeine intake and bone status of postmenopausal women. Am J Clin Nutr. 1997; 65(6):1826–1830.
Article
29. Ha TS, Park MH, Choi YS, Cho SH. A study on beverage consumption pattern associated with food and nutrient intakes of college students. J Korean Diet Assoc. 1999; 5(1):21–28.
30. Choe HJ, Lee DJ. Age-related change of spinal bone mineral density and accumulated bone loss rate in women. J Korean Soc Menopause. 2003; 9(2):171–176.
31. Recker RR, Heaney RP. The effect of milk supplements on calcium metabolism, bone metabolism and calcium balance. Am J Clin Nutr. 1985; 41(2):254–263.
Article
32. Draper HH, Scythes CA. Calcium, phosphorus, and osteoporosis. Fed Proc. 1981; 40(9):2434–2438.
Full Text Links
  • JNH
Actions
Cited
CITED
export Copy
Close
Share
  • Twitter
  • Facebook
Similar articles
Copyright © 2024 by Korean Association of Medical Journal Editors. All rights reserved.     E-mail: koreamed@kamje.or.kr