J Nutr Health.  2016 Aug;49(4):258-268. 10.4163/jnh.2016.49.4.258.

Estimated dietary intake of vitamin A in Korean adults: Based on the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007~2012

Affiliations
  • 1Department of Public Health and Nutrition, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea. hjjoung@snu.ac.kr
  • 2Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.

Abstract

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to estimate dietary vitamin A intake and examine major food sources of vitamin A in Korean adults.
METHODS
Using data from the 2007~2012 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a total of 33,069 subjects over 19-years-old were included in this study. We estimated individual daily intakes of retinol, carotenoids such as α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lutein/zeaxanthin, and lycopene, and vitamin A by linking food consumption data with the vitamin A database of commonly consumed foods. We compared individual vitamin A intakes with the reference value of Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans.
RESULTS
Average dietary vitamin A intakes of study subjects were 864.3 µg retinol equivalent/day (495.7 µg retinol activity equivalent/day) in men and 715.0 µg retinol equivalent/day (403.6 µg retinol activity equivalent/day) in women. Exactly 42.9% and 70.6% of total subjects consumed less vitamin A than the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) based on retinol equivalent and retinol activity equivalent, respectively. The major food sources of vitamin A were Korean radish leaves, carrot, red pepper, and laver, and the top 20 foods provided about 80% of total vitamin A intake.
CONCLUSION
This study provides basic data for estimation of vitamin A intake in Korean adults. Further research will be needed to analyze the association of insufficient or excess intakes of vitamin A and health problems in the Korean population.

Keyword

vitamin A; retinol equivalent; retinol activity equivalent; KNHANES

MeSH Terms

Adult*
Capsicum
Carotenoids
Daucus carota
Female
Humans
Korea*
Male
Nutrition Surveys*
Raphanus
Recommended Dietary Allowances
Reference Values
Vitamin A*
Vitamins*
Carotenoids
Vitamin A
Vitamins

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