Allergy Asthma Immunol Res.  2012 Nov;4(6):313-325. 10.4168/aair.2012.4.6.313.

House Dust Mite Allergy in Korea: The Most Important Inhalant Allergen in Current and Future

Affiliations
  • 1Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Allergy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. cshong@yuhs.ac

Abstract

The house-dust mite (HDM), commonly found in human dwellings, is an important source of inhalant and contact allergens. In this report, the importance of HDM allergy in Korea and the characteristics of allergens from dust mite are reviewed with an emphasis on investigations performed in Korea. In Korea, Dermatophagoides farinae is the dominant species of HDM, followed by D. pteronyssinus. Tyrophagus putrescentiae is also found in Korea, but its role in respiratory allergic disease in Korea is controversial. The relatively low densities of mite populations and concentrations of mite major allergens in dust samples from Korean homes, compared to westernized countries, are thought to reflect not only different climatic conditions, but also cultural differences, such as the use of 'ondol' under-floor heating systems in Korean houses. HDM are found in more than 90% of Korean houses, and the level of exposure to HDM is clinically significant. About 40%-60% of Korean patients suffering from respiratory allergies, and more than 40% of patients suffering from atopic dermatitis, are sensitized to HDM. Mite allergens can be summarized according to their inherent auto-adjuvant activities and/or their binding affinities to the adjuvant-like substances: proteolytic enzymes, lipid binding proteins, chitin binding proteins, and allergens not associated with adjuvant-like activity. In general, allergens with a strong adjuvant-like activity or adjuvant-binding activity elicit potent IgE reactivity. In Korea, Der f 2 is the most potent allergen, followed by Der f 1. Immune responses are modulated by the properties of the allergen itself and by the adjuvant-like substances that are concomitantly administered with the antigens. Characterization of allergenic molecules and elucidation of mechanisms by which adjuvant-like molecules modulate allergic reactions, not only in Korea but also worldwide, will provide valuable information on allergic diseases, and are necessary for the development of diagnostic tools and therapeutic strategies.

Keyword

Allergen; allergy; house dust mite; Korea

MeSH Terms

Allergens
Antigens, Dermatophagoides
Arthropod Proteins
Carrier Proteins
Chitin
Cysteine Endopeptidases
Dermatitis, Atopic
Dermatophagoides farinae
Dust
Heating
Hot Temperature
Humans
Hypersensitivity
Immunoglobulin E
Korea
Mites
Peptide Hydrolases
Pyroglyphidae
Stress, Psychological
Allergens
Antigens, Dermatophagoides
Arthropod Proteins
Carrier Proteins
Chitin
Cysteine Endopeptidases
Dust
Immunoglobulin E
Peptide Hydrolases

Figure

  • Figure Classification of dust mites of allergenic importance.


Cited by  17 articles

Comparison between Newly Developed and Commercial Inhalant Skin Prick Test Reagents Using In Vivo and In Vitro Methods
Sang Chul Lee, Da Woon Sim, Jongsun Lee, Kyoung Yong Jeong, Kyung Hee Park, Jae-Hyun Lee, Jung Dong Kim, Jung-Won Park
J Korean Med Sci. 2018;33(13):.    doi: 10.3346/jkms.2018.33.e101.

Different Responses in Induction of Allergen Specific Immunoglobulin G4 and IgE-Blocking Factors for Three Mite Subcutaneous Immunotherapy Products
Kyung Hee Park, Sang Chul Lee, Young Woong Son, Kyoung Yong Jeong, Yoo Seob Shin, Jung U Shin, Da Woon Sim, Hye Jung Park, Jae-Hyun Lee, Kwang Hoon Lee, Jung-Won Park
Yonsei Med J. 2016;57(6):1427-1434.    doi: 10.3349/ymj.2016.57.6.1427.

Influence of the Adjuvants and Genetic Background on the Asthma Model Using Recombinant Der f 2 in Mice
Yoon-Seok Chang, Yoon-Keun Kim, Seong Gyu Jeon, Sae-Hoon Kim, Sun-Sin Kim, Heung-Woo Park, Kyung-Up Min, You-Young Kim, Sang-Heon Cho
Immune Netw. 2013;13(6):295-300.    doi: 10.4110/in.2013.13.6.295.

Diagnosis and treatment of atopic dermatitis in children
Bok Yang Pyun
J Korean Med Assoc. 2017;60(9):753-758.    doi: 10.5124/jkma.2017.60.9.753.

Consensus Guidelines for the Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis in Korea (Part I): General Management and Topical Treatment
Jung Eun Kim, Hyun Jeong Kim, Bark-Lynn Lew, Kyung Ho Lee, Seung Phil Hong, Yong Hyun Jang, Kui Young Park, Seong Jun Seo, Jung Min Bae, Eung Ho Choi, Ki Beom Suhr, Seung Chul Lee, Hyun Chang Ko, Young Lip Park, Sang Wook Son, Young Jun Seo, Yang Won Lee, Sang Hyun Cho, Chun Wook Park, Joo Young Roh
Ann Dermatol. 2015;27(5):563-577.    doi: 10.5021/ad.2015.27.5.563.

Validation of PROTIA™ Allergy-Q 64 Atopy® as a Specific IgE Measurement Assay for 10 Major Allergen Components
Sung Ryeol Kim, Kyung Hee Park, Jae-Hyun Lee, Bum Joon Kim, Jae Hwan Hwang, Kook Jin Lim, Jung-Won Park
Allergy Asthma Immunol Res. 2019;11(3):422-432.    doi: 10.4168/aair.2019.11.3.422.

House Dust Mite Allergy Under Changing Environments
Nathalie Acevedo, Josefina Zakzuk, Luis Caraballo
Allergy Asthma Immunol Res. 2019;11(4):450-469.    doi: 10.4168/aair.2019.11.4.450.

Epidemiology of allergic rhinitis in Korean children
Sun Hye Hwang, Sook Young Jung, Dae Hyun Lim, Byong Kwan Son, Jeong Hee Kim, Jun-Mo Yang, In-Bo Oh, Yangho Kim, Ji Ho Lee, Keun Hwa Lee, Su Young Kim, Sung Chul Hong, Hye-Sook Lee
Allergy Asthma Respir Dis. 2013;1(4):321-332.    doi: 10.4168/aard.2013.1.4.321.

Positive conversion of specific IgE against house dust mite in children with atopic dermatitis under 24 months of age
Miran Park, Hyun Young Lee, Sang-Il Lee, Jihyun Kim, Kangmo Ahn
Allergy Asthma Respir Dis. 2013;1(4):350-356.    doi: 10.4168/aard.2013.1.4.350.

Changes of aeroallergen sensitization in children with asthma or allergic rhinitis from a tertiary referral hospital in Seoul over 10 years
Young-Ho Jung, Keum-Hee Hwang, Song-I Yang, En Lee, Kyung-Hee Kim, Min-Ju Kim, Geun-Mi Park, Ju-Hee Seo, Hyung Young Kim, Jinho Yu, Soo-Jong Hong
Allergy Asthma Respir Dis. 2014;2(2):97-102.    doi: 10.4168/aard.2014.2.2.97.

Physical and biochemical characteristics of allergens
Kyoung Yong Jeong
Allergy Asthma Respir Dis. 2016;4(3):157-166.    doi: 10.4168/aard.2016.4.3.157.

Comparison of IgE-binding components between 2 house dust mites in adult allergic patients
Hyun Jung Jin, Moon-Gyung Yoon, Young-Hee Nam, June Hong Ahn, Hae-Sim Park, Jin Hong Chung
Allergy Asthma Respir Dis. 2016;4(3):199-204.    doi: 10.4168/aard.2016.4.3.199.

Risk factors, lung function and bronchial hyperresponsiveness in current dust mite-induced allergic rhinitis
Euncho Chung, Jeewon Park, So-Yeon Lee, Yean Jung Choi, Soo-Jong Hong, Kang Seo Park
Allergy Asthma Respir Dis. 2016;4(1):49-54.    doi: 10.4168/aard.2016.4.1.49.

Current research status of pediatric atopic dermatitis in Korea
Bok Yang Pyun
Allergy Asthma Respir Dis. 2018;6(Suppl 1):S40-S43.    doi: 10.4168/aard.2018.6.S1.S40.

Changes in skin reactivity and associated factors in patients sensitized to house dust mites after 1 year of allergen-specific immunotherapy
Jeong-Yeop Son, Mann-Hong Jung, Kwang-Wook Koh, Eun-Kee Park, Jeong-Hoon Heo, Gil-Soon Choi, Hee-Kyoo Kim
Asia Pac Allergy. 2017;7(2):82-91.    doi: 10.5415/apallergy.2017.7.2.82.

A study on the correlation between outbreak of allergic rhinitis and airborne pollen in September
Jong Seok Kim, ye Joo So, Jeong Hee Kim, Dae Hyun Lim
Allergy Asthma Respir Dis. 2019;7(4):192-198.    doi: 10.4168/aard.2019.7.4.192.

Recent changing pattern of aeroallergen sensitization in children with allergic diseases: A single center study
Su-Jin Lee, Jung-Min Kim, Hyo-Bin Kim
Allergy Asthma Respir Dis. 2019;7(4):186-191.    doi: 10.4168/aard.2019.7.4.186.


Reference

1. Decker H. Asthma und milben. Munch Med Wochenschr. 1928. 75:515–516.
2. Voorhorst R, Spieksma FT, Varekamp H, Leupen MJ, Lyklema AW. The house-dust mite (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus) and the allergens it produces. Identity with the house-dust allergen. J Allergy. 1967. 39:325–339.
3. Miyamoto T, Oshima S, Ishizaki T, Sato SH. Allergenic identity between the common floor mite (Dermatophagoides farinae Hughes, 1961) and house dust as a causative antigen in bronchial asthma. J Allergy. 1968. 42:14–28.
4. Voorhorst R, Spieksma-Boezeman MI, Spieksma FT. Is a mite (Dermatophagoides sp.) the producer of the house-dust allergen? Allerg Asthma (Leipz). 1964. 10:329–334.
5. Min TH, Hong CK, Ro BI, Chang CY. Allergen prick test reactivity in the patients with urticaria and atopic dermatitis. Korean J Dermatol. 1987. 25:587–598.
6. Kang SJ, Kim KH, Kim SH. A study on type I allergy to house dust mite in patients with atopic dermatitis. Korean J Dermatol. 1991. 29:285–291.
7. Cho HJ, Choi HJ, Kim DK, Lee KH. Dermatophagoides farinae-specific IgE and IgG4 antibodies in atopic dermatitis patients. Korean J Dermatol. 1998. 36:16–22.
8. Yim YS, Park CW, Lee CH. A comparative study of atopy patch test using house dust mite antigens with skin prick test and specific serum IgE level in atopic dermatitis. Korean J Dermatol. 2001. 39:1072–1079.
9. Kim SS, Bang HD, Kim KH, Kim KJ. Evaluation of Pharmacia CAP system FEIA for house dust mites in patients with atopic dermatitis. Korean J Dermatol. 2003. 41:1455–1462.
10. Shin JW, Jin SP, Lee JH, Cho S. Analysis of MAST-CLA results as a diagnostic tool in allergic skin diseases. Ann Dermatol. 2010. 22:35–40.
11. Ahu SD, Kim HJ. The allergen skin test and the effect of specific desensitising vaccination therapy in allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma. Allergy. 1983. 3:159–167.
12. Kang SY, Choi BW, Moon HB, Min KU, Kim YY. The prevalence of immediate skin reactions in patients with respiratory allergies. Allergy. 1984. 4:49–56.
13. Cho HS, Lee KH, Choi YK, Cho DK, Kim NS. Result of allergen skin tests in type I hypersensitivity. Allergy. 1985. 5:14–22.
14. Rhee YG, Oh YI. Results of skin test, peripheral eosinophil count, total and specific IgE in allergic patients in Chonbuk area. Allergy. 1985. 5:147–155.
15. Jeong KY, Hong CS, Yong TS. Domestic arthropods and their allergens. Protein Pept Lett. 2007. 14:934–942.
16. Park HS, Choi GS, Cho JS, Kim YY. Epidemiology and current status of allergic rhinitis, asthma, and associated allergic diseases in Korea: ARIA Asia-Pacific workshop report. Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol. 2009. 27:167–171.
17. Lee SY, Kwon JW, Seo JH, Song YH, Kim BJ, Yu J, Park KS, Kim H, Kim EJ, Lee JS, Hong SJ. Prevalence of atopy and allergic diseases in Korean children: associations with a farming environment and rural lifestyle. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2012. 158:168–174.
18. Cho BK, Lee WK. House dust mites. Allergy. 1981. 1:138–144.
19. Chu JK, Song SB, Kim DK, Kim YK. Epidemiological studies on the acaroid mite. Korean J Parasitol. 1967. 5:69–75.
20. Cho BK, Houh W. The mite fauna of Korean house dust (I). Korean J Dermatol. 1977. 15:133–140.
21. Lee WK, Cho BK. An ecological study on the house dust mite. Korean J Dermatol. 1984. 22:286–294.
22. Ree HI, Jeon SH, Lee IY, Hong CS, Lee DK. Fauna and geographical distribution of house dust mites in Korea. Korean J Parasitol. 1997. 35:9–17.
23. Martínez J, Eraso E, Palacios R, Guisantes JA. Cross-reactions between Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and Dermatophagoides farinae (Acari: Pyroglyphidae) related to the different growth phases of cultures. J Med Entomol. 2000. 37:35–39.
24. Munhbayarlah S, Park JW, Ko SH, Ree HI, Hong CS. Identification of Tyrophagus putrescentiae allergens and evaluation of cross-reactivity with Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus. Yonsei Med J. 1998. 39:109–115.
25. Park JW, Ko SH, Yong TS, Ree HI, Jeoung BJ, Hong CS. Cross-reactivity of Tyrophagus putrescentiae with Dermatophagoides farinae and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus in urban areas. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 1999. 83:533–539.
26. van Hage-Hamsten M, Johansson SG, Johansson E, Wiren A. Lack of allergenic cross-reactivity between storage mites and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus. Clin Allergy. 1987. 17:23–31.
27. Lee JY. Tyrophagus putrescentiae: an important allergen in Daejeon. J Asthma Allergy Clin Immunol. 2002. 22:703–710.
28. Choi BS, Lee YJ, Baek JY, Kim KW, Sohn MH, Kim KE. Prevalence of sensitization to Tyrophagus putrescentiae in children with allergic diseases. Pediatr Allergy Respir Dis. 2010. 20:107–113.
29. Yong TS, Jeong KY. Review on ecology of house dust mites in Korea and suggestion of a standard survey method. Pediatr Allergy Respir Dis. 2011. 21:4–16.
30. Kim JH, Choi SY, Lee IY, Lee YW, Yong TS, Kim CW, Song YS, Park JW, Kim YS, Park JW, Hong CS. Seasonal variation of house dust mite and its influence on the inhabitant health. Korean J Asthma Allergy Clin Immunol. 2006. 26:27–34.
31. Dust mite allergens and asthma--a worldwide problem. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1989. 83:416–427.
32. Hong CS. House dust mite and bronchial asthma - a worldwide problem. J Korean Med Assoc. 1989. 32:1078–1083.
33. Hong CS. House dust mite and clinical allergy. Allergy. 1991. 11:297–308.
34. Nam HS, Siebers R, Lee SH, Park JS, Kim YB, Choi YJ, Lee SH, Crane J. House dust mite allergens in domestic homes in Cheonan, Korea. Korean J Parasitol. 2008. 46:187–189.
35. Lee MK, Lee WY, Yong SJ, Shin KC, Lee SN, Lee SJ, Lee JH, Jung S, Jung YR, Kim SH. Sensitization rates to inhalant allergens in patients visiting a University Hospital in Gangwon region. Korean J Asthma Allergy Clin Immunol. 2011. 31:27–32.
36. Kim MK, Oh SW. Change of causative inhalant allergens in respiratory allergic patients in Chungbuk district. J Asthma Allergy Clin Immunol. 1999. 19:696–702.
37. Seo HR, Lee SM, Koo TH, Shin BC, Kim BK, Heo JH, Yang DK, Lee SK, Son CH. Sensitization rate to Tetranychus urticae and house dust mite in patients who visited the allergy clinic with allergic diseases in Busan area. Korean J Asthma Allergy Clin Immunol. 2007. 27:263–267.
38. Choi JY, Sohn MH, Jang GC, Lee KE, Kim KE. Concentrations of dust mite in the dust of childhood bedclothing, cloth wrappers, and sewing dolls. Pediatr Allergy Respir Dis. 2002. 12:185–191.
39. Kim JL, Elfman L, Norbäck D. Respiratory symptoms, asthma and allergen levels in schools--comparison between Korea and Sweden. Indoor Air. 2007. 17:122–129.
40. Kim SK, Park HS, Oh SH, Hong CS. Distribution of house dust mites allergen in houses measured by RAST inhibition test. Korean J Intern Med. 1988. 35:65–75.
41. Chew GL, Higgins KM, Gold DR, Muilenberg ML, Burge HA. Monthly measurements of indoor allergens and the influence of housing type in a northeastern US city. Allergy. 1999. 54:1058–1066.
42. Nahm DH, Park HS, Kang SS, Hong CS. Seasonal variation of skin reactivity and specific IgE antibody to house dust mite. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 1997. 78:589–593.
43. Nahm DH, Park HS, Kim CW, Park JW, Hong CS. Seasonal variation of IgG subclass antibodies to house dust mite in sera from mite-sensitive asthmatic patients. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 1998. 80:411–415.
44. Sookrung N, Kamlanghan T, Indrawattana N, Tungtrongchitr A, Tantilipikorn P, Bunnag C, Pattanapanyasat K, Chaicumpa W. Quantification of Der f 1 in houses of patients allergic to house dust mite, Dermatophagoides farinae, using a locally produced detection reagents. Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol. 2011. 29:78–85.
45. Jeong KY, Lee IY, Yong TS, Lee JH, Kim EJ, Lee JS, Hong CS, Park JW. Sequence polymorphisms of Der f 1, Der p 1, Der f 2 and Der p 2 from Korean house dust mite isolates. Exp Appl Acarol. Forthcoming 2012.
46. Paik YH, Takaoka M, Matsuoka H, Ishii A. Mite fauna and mite antigen in house dust from houses in Seoul, Korea. Jpn J Sanit Zool. 1992. 43:29–35.
47. van Ree R. Indoor allergens: relevance of major allergen measurements and standardization. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2007. 119:270–277.
48. Linneberg A. Are we getting enough allergens? Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2008. 147:93–100.
49. Jeong KY, Yum HY, Lee IY, Ree HI, Hong CS, Kim DS, Yong TS. Molecular cloning and characterization of tropomyosin, a major allergen of Chironomus kiiensis, a dominant species of nonbiting midges in Korea. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol. 2004. 11:320–324.
50. Shin JW, Sue JH, Song TW, Kim KW, Kim ES, Sohn MH, Kim KE. Atopy and house dust mite sensitization as risk factors for asthma in children. Yonsei Med J. 2005. 46:629–634.
51. Kim KW, Kim EA, Kwon BC, Kim ES, Song TW, Sohn MH, Kim KE. Comparison of allergic indices in monosensitized and polysensitized patients with childhood asthma. J Korean Med Sci. 2006. 21:1012–1016.
52. Kang SS, Nahm DH, Kim CW, Park JW, Hong CS. The effect of the bedding cover made of a vapour-permeable water-proof fabric on allergic immune responses and clinical symptoms in house dust mite-sensitive asthmatics. Korean J Allergy. 1996. 16:26–37.
53. Kim C, Hong C, Choi S, Kim D. Simple application of allergen-impermeable bed covers for adult patients with allergic rhinitis in Korea. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2005. 115:S268.
54. Nurmatov U, van Schayck CP, Hurwitz B, Sheikh A. House dust mite avoidance measures for perennial allergic rhinitis: an updated Cochrane systematic review. Allergy. 2012. 67:158–165.
55. Liu Z, Bai Y, Ji K, Liu X, Cai C, Yu H, Li M, Bao Y, Lian Y, Gao B. Detection of Dermatophagoides farinae in the dust of air conditioning filters. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2007. 144:85–90.
56. Agrawal SR, Kim HJ, Lee YW, Sohn JH, Lee JH, Kim YJ, Lee SH, Hong CS, Park JW. Effect of an air cleaner with electrostatic filter on the removal of airborne house dust mite allergens. Yonsei Med J. 2010. 51:918–923.
57. Park JW, Kim CW, Kang DB, Lee IY, Choi SY, Yong TS, Shin DC, Kim KE, Hong CS. Low-flow, long-term air sampling under normal domestic activity to measure house dust mite and cockroach allergens. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 2002. 12:293–298.
58. Choi SY, Lee IY, Sohn JH, Lee YW, Shin YS, Yong TS, Hong CS, Park JW. Optimal conditions for the removal of house dust mite, dog dander, and pollen allergens using mechanical laundry. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2008. 100:583–588.
59. Baldo BA, Ford SA, Tovey ER. Toward a definition of the 'complete' spectrum and rank order of importance of the allergens from house dust mite: Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus. Adv Biosci. 1989. 74:13–31.
60. Hong CS, Lee MK, Oh SH. Identification of major allergens from the house dust mites, Dermatophagoides farinae and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, by electroblotting. Yonsei Med J. 1991. 32:24–32.
61. Arlian LG, Bernstein IL, Geis DP, Vyszenski-Moher DL, Gallagher JS, Martin B. Investigations of culture medium-free house dust mites. III. Antigens and allergens of body and fecal extract of Dermatophagoides farinae. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1987. 79:457–466.
62. Gregory LG, Lloyd CM. Orchestrating house dust mite-associated allergy in the lung. Trends Immunol. 2011. 32:402–411.
63. Radauer C, Bublin M, Wagner S, Mari A, Breiteneder H. Allergens are distributed into few protein families and possess a restricted number of biochemical functions. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2008. 121:847–852.e7.
64. Herbert CA, King CM, Ring PC, Holgate ST, Stewart GA, Thompson PJ, Robinson C. Augmentation of permeability in the bronchial epithelium by the house dust mite allergen Der p1. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 1995. 12:369–378.
65. Wan H, Winton HL, Soeller C, Tovey ER, Gruenert DC, Thompson PJ, Stewart GA, Taylor GW, Garrod DR, Cannell MB, Robinson C. Der p 1 facilitates transepithelial allergen delivery by disruption of tight junctions. J Clin Invest. 1999. 104:123–133.
66. Wan H, Winton HL, Soeller C, Taylor GW, Gruenert DC, Thompson PJ, Cannell MB, Stewart GA, Garrod DR, Robinson C. The transmembrane protein occludin of epithelial tight junctions is a functional target for serine peptidases from faecal pellets of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus. Clin Exp Allergy. 2001. 31:279–294.
67. Shakib F, Schulz O, Sewell H. A mite subversive: cleavage of CD23 and CD25 by Der p 1 enhances allergenicity. Immunol Today. 1998. 19:313–316.
68. Takahashi K, Aoki T, Kohmoto S, Nishimura H, Kodera Y, Matsushima A, Inada Y. Activation of kallikrein-kinin system in human plasma with purified serine protease from Dermatophagoides farinae. Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol. 1990. 91:80–85.
69. Maruo K, Akaike T, Ono T, Okamoto T, Maeda H. Generation of anaphylatoxins through proteolytic processing of C3 and C5 by house dust mite protease. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1997. 100:253–260.
70. Lee SE, Jeong SK, Lee SH. Protease and protease-activated receptor-2 signaling in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis. Yonsei Med J. 2010. 51:808–822.
71. Adam E, Hansen KK, Astudillo Fernandez O, Coulon L, Bex F, Duhant X, Jaumotte E, Hollenberg MD, Jacquet A. The house dust mite allergen Der p 1, unlike Der p 3, stimulates the expression of interleukin-8 in human airway epithelial cells via a proteinase-activated receptor-2-independent mechanism. J Biol Chem. 2006. 281:6910–6923.
72. Sokol CL, Barton GM, Farr AG, Medzhitov R. A mechanism for the initiation of allergen-induced T helper type 2 responses. Nat Immunol. 2008. 9:310–318.
73. Smith PK, Harper JI. Serine proteases, their inhibitors and allergy. Allergy. 2006. 61:1441–1447.
74. Cunningham PT, Elliot CE, Lenzo JC, Jarnicki AG, Larcombe AN, Zosky GR, Holt PG, Thomas WR. Sensitizing and Th2 adjuvant activity of cysteine protease allergens. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2012. 158:347–358.
75. Jeong KY, Kim C, Yong TS. Enzymatic activities of allergen extracts from three species of dust mites and cockroaches commonly found in Korean home. Korean J Parasitol. 2010. 48:151–155.
76. Thomas WR, Hales BJ, Smith WA. Structural biology of allergens. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2005. 5:388–393.
77. Thomas WR, Hales BJ, Smith WA. House dust mite allergens in asthma and allergy. Trends Mol Med. 2010. 16:321–328.
78. Park JW, Nahm DH, Hong CS. Determination of specific IgE to two major allergens (Der f I and Der f II) of house dust mite (D. farinae) in Korean adult respiratory allergy patients. Allergy. 1993. 13:476–486.
79. Hong CS, Park JW, Nahm DH. Measurement of IgE and IgG subclass antibodies to whole body antigen and two major allergens (Der fI & Der fII) of Dermatophagoides farinae in normal subjects and asthmatics. Yonsei Med J. 1994. 35:453–463.
80. Nahm DH, Park JW, Hong CS, Lee SY, Lee KY. Specific IgE antibodies to D. farinae whole body extract, Der f I and Der f II in child age groups. Pediatr Allergy Respir Dis. 1995. 5:117–124.
81. Park GM, Lee SM, Lee IY, Ree HI, Kim KS, Hong CS, Yong TS. Localization of a major allergen, Der p 2, in the gut and faecal pellets of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus. Clin Exp Allergy. 2000. 30:1293–1297.
82. Jeong KY, Lee IY, Ree HI, Hong CS, Yong TS. Localization of Der f 2 in the gut and fecal pellets of Dermatophagoides farinae. Allergy. 2002. 57:729–731.
83. Trompette A, Divanovic S, Visintin A, Blanchard C, Hegde RS, Madan R, Thorne PS, Wills-Karp M, Gioannini TL, Weiss JP, Karp CL. Allergenicity resulting from functional mimicry of a Toll-like receptor complex protein. Nature. 2009. 457:585–588.
84. Osterlund C, Grönlund H, Polovic N, Sundström S, Gafvelin G, Bucht A. The non-proteolytic house dust mite allergen Der p 2 induce NF-κB and MAPK dependent activation of bronchial epithelial cells. Clin Exp Allergy. 2009. 39:1199–1208.
85. Park SY, Cho JH, Oh DY, Park JW, Ahn MJ, Han JS, Oh JW. House dust mite allergen Der f 2-induced phospholipase D1 activation is critical for the production of interleukin-13 through activating transcription factor-2 activation in human bronchial epithelial cells. J Biol Chem. 2009. 284:20099–20110.
86. Piboonpocanun S, Malainual N, Jirapongsananuruk O, Vichyanond P, Thomas WR. Genetic polymorphisms of major house dust mite allergens. Clin Exp Allergy. 2006. 36:510–516.
87. Jeong KY, Jin HS, Oh SH, Hong CS, Lee IY, Ree HI, Yong TS. Monoclonal antibodies to recombinant Der f 2 and development of a two-site ELISA sensitive to major Der f 2 isoallergen in Korea. Allergy. 2002. 57:29–34.
88. Park JW, Kim KS, Jin HS, Kim CW, Kang DB, Choi SY, Yong TS, Oh SH, Hong CS. Der p 2 isoallergens have different allergenicity, and quantification with 2-site ELISA using monoclonal antibodies is influenced by the isoallergens. Clin Exp Allergy. 2002. 32:1042–1047.
89. Jin HS, Yong TS, Park JW, Hong CS, Oh SH. Immune reactivity of recombinant group 2 allergens of house dust mite, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, and Dermatophagoides farinae. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 2003. 13:36–42.
90. Russano AM, Agea E, Casciari C, de Benedictis FM, Spinozzi F. Complementary roles for lipid and protein allergens in triggering innate and adaptive immune systems. Allergy. 2008. 63:1428–1437.
91. Brewer JM, Tetley L, Richmond J, Liew FY, Alexander J. Lipid vesicle size determines the Th1 or Th2 response to entrapped antigen. J Immunol. 1998. 161:4000–4007.
92. Jeong KY, Kim WK, Lee JS, Lee J, Lee IY, Kim KE, Park JW, Hong CS, Ree HI, Yong TS. Immunoglobulin E reactivity of recombinant allergen Tyr p 13 from Tyrophagus putrescentiae homologous to fatty acid binding protein. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol. 2005. 12:581–585.
93. Chan SL, Ong ST, Ong SY, Chew FT, Mok YK. Nuclear magnetic resonance structure-based epitope mapping and modulation of dust mite group 13 allergen as a hypoallergen. J Immunol. 2006. 176:4852–4860.
94. Epton MJ, Dilworth RJ, Smith W, Hart BJ, Thomas WR. High-molecular-weight allergens of the house dust mite: an apolipophorin-like cDNA has sequence identity with the major M-177 allergen and the IgE-binding peptide fragments Mag1 and Mag3. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 1999. 120:185–191.
95. Fujikawa A, Ishimaru N, Seto A, Yamada H, Aki T, Shigeta S, Wada T, Jyo T, Murooka Y, Oka S, Ono K. Cloning and characterization of a new allergen, Mag 3, from the house dust mite, Dermatophagoides farinae: cross-reactivity with high-molecular-weight allergen. Mol Immunol. 1996. 33:311–319.
96. Fujikawa A, Uchida K, Yanagidani A, Kawamoto S, Aki T, Shigeta S, Wada T, Suzuki O, Jyo T, Ono K. Altered antigenicity of M-177, a 177-kDa allergen from the house dust mite Dermatophagoides farinae, in stored extract. Clin Exp Allergy. 1998. 28:1549–1558.
97. Van Dyken SJ, Garcia D, Porter P, Huang X, Quinlan PJ, Blanc PD, Corry DB, Locksley RM. Fungal chitin from asthma-associated home environments induces eosinophilic lung infiltration. J Immunol. 2011. 187:2261–2267.
98. Zhu Z, Zheng T, Homer RJ, Kim YK, Chen NY, Cohn L, Hamid Q, Elias JA. Acidic mammalian chitinase in asthmatic Th2 inflammation and IL-13 pathway activation. Science. 2004. 304:1678–1682.
99. Shuhui L, Mok YK, Wong WS. Role of mammalian chitinases in asthma. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2009. 149:369–377.
100. McCall C, Hunter S, Stedman K, Weber E, Hillier A, Bozic C, Rivoire B, Olivry T. Characterization and cloning of a major high molecular weight house dust mite allergen (Der f 15) for dogs. Vet Immunol Immunopathol. 2001. 78:231–247.
101. Weber E, Hunter S, Stedman K, Dreitz S, Olivry T, Hillier A, McCall C. Identification, characterization, and cloning of a complementary DNA encoding a 60-kd house dust mite allergen (Der f 18) for human beings and dogs. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2003. 112:79–86.
102. O'Neil SE, Heinrich TK, Hales BJ, Hazell LA, Holt DC, Fischer K, Thomas WR. The chitinase allergens Der p 15 and Der p 18 from Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus. Clin Exp Allergy. 2006. 36:831–839.
103. Liaw SH, Chen HZ, Liu GG, Chua KY. Acid-induced polymerization of the group 5 mite allergen from Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2001. 285:308–312.
104. Naik MT, Chang CF, Kuo IC, Kung CC, Yi FC, Chua KY, Huang TH. Roles of structure and structural dynamics in the antibody recognition of the allergen proteins: an NMR study on Blomia tropicalis major allergen. Structure. 2008. 16:125–136.
105. Gao YF, Wang de Y, Ong TC, Tay SL, Yap KH, Chew FT. Identification and characterization of a novel allergen from Blomia tropicalis: Blo t 21. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2007. 120:105–112.
106. Khemili S, Kwasigroch JM, Hamadouche T, Gilis D. Modelling and bioinformatics analysis of the dimeric structure of house dust mite allergens from families 5 and 21: Der f 5 could dimerize as Der p 5. J Biomol Struct Dyn. 2012. 29:663–675.
107. Puerta L, Caraballo L, Fernández-Caldas E, Avjioglu A, Marsh DG, Lockey RF, Dao ML. Nucleotide sequence analysis of a complementary DNA coding for a Blomia tropicalis allergen. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1996. 98:932–937.
108. Yi FC, Chen JY, Chee KK, Chua KY, Lee BW. Dust mite infestation of flour samples. Allergy. 2009. 64:1788–1789.
109. Jeong KY, Hong CS, Yong TS. Allergenic tropomyosins and their cross-reactivities. Protein Pept Lett. 2006. 13:835–845.
110. Jeong KY, Lee H, Lee JS, Lee J, Lee IY, Ree HI, Hong CS, Yong TS. Molecular cloning and the allergenic characterization of tropomyosin from Tyrophagus putrescentiae. Protein Pept Lett. 2007. 14:431–436.
111. Rossi RE, Monasterolo G, Incorvaia C, Moingeon P, Frati F, Passalacqua G, Rossi L, Canonica GW. Lack of neo-sensitization to Pen a 1 in patients treated with mite sublingual immunotherapy. Clin Mol Allergy. 2010. 8:4.
112. Tsai LC, Chao PL, Shen HD, Tang RB, Chang TC, Chang ZN, Hung MW, Lee BL, Chua KY. Isolation and characterization of a novel 98-kd Dermatophagoides farinae mite allergen. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1998. 102:295–303.
113. Tsai LC, Peng HJ, Lee CS, Chao PL, Tang RB, Tsai JJ, Shen HD, Hung MW, Han SH. Molecular cloning and characterization of full-length cDNAs encoding a novel high-molecular-weight Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus mite allergen, Der p 11. Allergy. 2005. 60:927–937.
114. Ramos JD, Cheong N, Lee BW, Chua KY. cDNA cloning and expression of Blo t 11, the Blomia tropicalis allergen homologous to paramyosin. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2001. 126:286–293.
115. Kojima S. Overview: from the horse experimentation by Prof. Akira Fujinami to paramyosin. Parasitol Int. 2004. 53:151–162.
116. Ramos JD, Teo AS, Ou KL, Tsai LC, Lee BW, Cheong N, Chua KY. Comparative allergenicity studies of native and recombinant Blomia tropicalis Paramyosin (Blo t 11). Allergy. 2003. 58:412–419.
117. Jeong KY, Kim CR, Un S, Yi MH, Lee IY, Park JW, Hong CS, Yong TS. Allergenicity of recombinant troponin C from Tyrophagus putrescentiae. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2010. 151:207–213.
118. Lake FR, Ward LD, Simpson RJ, Thompson PJ, Stewart GA. House dust mite-derived amylase: allergenicity and physicochemical characterization. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1991. 87:1035–1042.
119. Mills KL, Hart BJ, Lynch NR, Thomas WR, Smith W. Molecular characterization of the group 4 house dust mite allergen from Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and its amylase homologue from Euroglyphus maynei. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 1999. 120:100–107.
120. Sánchez-Monge R, García-Casado G, Barber D, Salcedo G. Interaction of allergens from house-dust mite and from cereal flours: Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus α-amylase (Der p 4) and wheat and rye α-amylase inhibitors. Allergy. 1996. 51:176–180.
121. Bowman CE, Lessiter MJ. Amylase and esterase polymorphisms in economically important stored product mites (Acari: Astigmata). Comp Biochem Physiol B. 1985. 81:353–360.
122. Batard T, Hrabina A, Bi XZ, Chabre H, Lemoine P, Couret MN, Faccenda D, Villet B, Harzic P, André F, Goh SY, André C, Chew FT, Moingeon P. Production and proteomic characterization of pharmaceutical-grade Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and Dermatophagoides farinae extracts for allergy vaccines. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2006. 140:295–305.
123. Shen HD, Lin WL, Tsai LC, Tam MF, Chua KY, Chen HL, Hsieh KH, Li CS, Thomas WR. Characterization of the allergen Der f 7 from house dust mite extracts by species-specific and crossreactive monoclonal antibodies. Clin Exp Allergy. 1997. 27:824–832.
124. Shen HD, Chua KY, Lin WL, Hsieh KH, Thomas WR. Characterization of the house dust mite allergen Der p 7 by monoclonal antibodies. Clin Exp Allergy. 1995. 25:416–422.
125. Shen HD, Chua KY, Lin WL, Hsieh KH, Thomas WR. Molecular cloning and immunological characterization of the house dust mite allergen Der f 7. Clin Exp Allergy. 1995. 25:1000–1006.
126. Shen HD, Chua KY, Lin WL, Chen HL, Hsieh KH, Thomas WR. IgE and monoclonal antibody binding by the mite allergen Der p 7. Clin Exp Allergy. 1996. 26:308–315.
127. Eriksson TL, Rasool O, Huecas S, Whitley P, Crameri R, Appenzeller U, Gafvelin G, van Hage-Hamsten M. Cloning of three new allergens from the dust mite Lepidoglyphus destructor using phage surface display technology. Eur J Biochem. 2001. 268:287–294.
128. Armstrong RN. Glutathione S-transferases: structure and mechanism of an archetypical detoxication enzyme. Adv Enzymol Relat Areas Mol Biol. 1994. 69:1–44.
129. Huang CH, Liew LM, Mah KW, Kuo IC, Lee BW, Chua KY. Characterization of glutathione S-transferase from dust mite, Der p 8 and its immunoglobulin E cross-reactivity with cockroach glutathione S-transferase. Clin Exp Allergy. 2006. 36:369–376.
130. Jeong KY, Jeong KJ, Yi MH, Lee H, Hong CS, Yong TS. Allergenicity of sigma and delta class glutathione S-transferases from the German cockroach. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2009. 148:59–64.
131. Kawamoto S, Aki T, Yamashita M, Tategaki A, Fujimura T, Tsuboi S, Katsutani T, Suzuki O, Shigeta S, Murooka Y, Ono K. Toward elucidating the full spectrum of mite allergens--state of the art. J Biosci Bioeng. 2002. 94:285–298.
132. Hales BJ, Martin AC, Pearce LJ, Laing IA, Hayden CM, Goldblatt J, Le Souëf PN, Thomas WR. IgE and IgG anti-house dust mite specificities in allergic disease. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2006. 118:361–367.
133. Yu CJ, Lin YF, Chiang BL, Chow LP. Proteomics and immunological analysis of a novel shrimp allergen, Pen m 2. J Immunol. 2003. 170:445–453.
134. Noss I, Wouters IM, Bezemer G, Metwali N, Sander I, Raulf-Heimsoth M, Heederik DJ, Thorne PS, Doekes G. β-(1,3)-Glucan exposure assessment by passive airborne dust sampling and new sensitive immunoassays. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2010. 76:1158–1167.
135. Douwes J, Zuidhof A, Doekes G, van der Zee SC, Wouters I, Boezen MH, Brunekreef B. (1→3)-β-D-glucan and endotoxin in house dust and peak flow variability in children. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2000. 162:1348–1354.
136. Rylander R. Organic dust induced pulmonary disease - the role of mould derived β-glucan. Ann Agric Environ Med. 2010. 17:9–13.
137. Mathaba LT, Pope CH, Lenzo J, Hartofillis M, Peake H, Moritz RL, Simpson RJ, Bubert A, Thompson PJ, Stewart GA. Isolation and characterisation of a 13.8-kDa bacteriolytic enzyme from house dust mite extracts: homology with prokaryotic proteins suggests that the enzyme could be bacterially derived. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol. 2002. 33:77–88.
138. Aki T, Fujikawa A, Wada T, Jyo T, Shigeta S, Murooka Y, Oka S, Ono K. Cloning and expression of cDNA coding for a new allergen from the house dust mite, Dermatophagoides farinae: homology with human heat shock cognate proteins in the heat shock protein 70 family. J Biochem. 1994. 115:435–440.
139. Saarne T, Kaiser L, Rasool O, Huecas S, van Hage-Hamsten M, Gafvelin G. Cloning and characterisation of two IgE-binding proteins, homologous to tropomyosin and α-tubulin, from the mite Lepidoglyphus destructor. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2003. 130:258–265.
140. Jeong KY, Lee H, Lee JS, Lee J, Lee IY, Ree HI, Hong CS, Park JW, Yong TS. Immunoglobulin E binding reactivity of a recombinant allergen homologous to α-tubulin from Tyrophagus putrescentiae. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol. 2005. 12:1451–1454.
141. Aki T, Ono K, Paik SY, Wada T, Jyo T, Shigeta S, Murooka Y, Oka S. Cloning and characterization of cDNA coding for a new allergen from the house dust mite, Dermatophagoides farinae. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 1994. 103:349–356.
142. Ansotegui IJ, Härfast B, Jeddi-Tehrani M, Johansson E, Johansson SG, van Hage-Hamsten M, Wigzell H. Identification of a new major allergen of 39 kilodaltons of the storage mite Lepidoglyphus destructor. Immunol Lett. 1991. 27:127–130.
143. Stewart GA, Turner KJ. Physicochemical and immunochemical characterization of the high molecular weight allergens from Dermatophagoides pteronysisinus with particular reference to the tridacnin, Con-A and S107 reactive components. Aust J Exp Biol Med Sci. 1980. 58:275–288.
144. Olsson S, Harfast B, Johansson SG, van Hage-Hamsten M. Detection of at least one high-molecular-mass, IgE-binding component of the dust mite Lepidoglyphus destructor. Allergy. 1994. 49:620–625.
145. Park JW, Hong CS, Ko SH, Kim CW. IL-5 and IL-10 production of peripheral blood mononuclear cells by stimulation of D. farinae antigen in atopic asthmatics. J Asthma Allergy Clin Immunol. 1999. 19:557–565.
146. Lee JS, Kim IS, Ryu JS, Yun CY. House dust mite, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus increases expression of MCP-1, IL-6, and IL-8 in human monocytic THP-1 cells. Cytokine. 2008. 42:365–371.
147. Park JW, Park SW, Koe SW, Kim CW, Ree HI, Oh SH, Hong CS. Allergic immune responses to the fractionated antigen of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus. Korean J Allergy. 1997. 17:151–164.
148. Kwon SS, Kim N, Yoo TJ. The effect of vaccination with DNA encoding murine T-cell epitopes on the Der p 1 and 2 induced immunoglobulin E synthesis. Allergy. 2001. 56:741–748.
149. Kim N, Kwon SS, Lee J, Kim S, Yoo TJ. Protective effect of the DNA vaccine encoding the major house dust mite allergens on allergic inflammation in the murine model of house dust mite allergy. Clin Mol Allergy. 2006. 4:4.
150. Weghofer M, Thomas WR, Kronqvist M, Mari A, Purohit A, Pauli G, Horak F, Grönlund H, van Hage M, Valenta R, Vrtala S. Variability of IgE reactivity profiles among European mite allergic patients. Eur J Clin Invest. 2008. 38:959–965.
151. Treudler R. Update on in vitro allergy diagnostics. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges. 2012. 10:89–99.
152. Jeong KY, Hong CS, Yong TS. Recombinant allergens for diagnosis and immunotherapy of allergic disorders, with emphasis on cockroach allergy. Curr Protein Pept Sci. 2006. 7:57–71.
Full Text Links
  • AAIR
Actions
Cited
CITED
export Copy
Close
Share
  • Twitter
  • Facebook
Similar articles
Copyright © 2024 by Korean Association of Medical Journal Editors. All rights reserved.     E-mail: koreamed@kamje.or.kr