Korean J Nutr.  2010 Jun;43(3):224-232. 10.4163/kjn.2010.43.3.224.

The Assessment for Nutrient Intakes of Korean Patients with Heart Failure

Affiliations
  • 1Department of Food and Nutrition, Korea University, Seoul 136-703, Korea. mjshin@korea.ac.kr
  • 2Department of Nutrition Services, Youngdong Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 135-720, Korea.
  • 3Division of Chronic Disease Surveillance, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Seoul 122-701, Korea.
  • 4Department of Food and Nutrition, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Korea.
  • 5Yonsei Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea.

Abstract

The prevalence of heart failure (HF) is increasing globally and growing evidence has shown that dietary factors play an important role in preventing and improving prognosis of HF. However, little data on nutrient intake in Korean HF patients which are available to develop dietary guidelines for HF. The aims of this study were to estimate nutrient intake in 78 HF patients and evaluate whether the estimated nutrient intake is appropriate compared to dietary reference intake for Koreans. Data are presented as the ratio of actual intake and estimated average requirement (EAR) for each nutrient. The result showed that the average nutrient intakes including total energy and protein met EAR in total patients. However, the deficiencies in mineral and vitamin intakes were found. Moreover, the proportion of subjects with lower intake than EAR was substantial. The results showed that the proportion of male HF patients with inferior intakes to EAR in calcium, potassium (compared to adequate intake: AI), folate and vitamin B12 were 38%, 79%, 38%, and 65%, respectively. Also, the proportion of female HF patients with inferior intakes to EAR in calcium, potassium (compared to AI), folate and vitamin B12 were 35%, 88%, 38% and 40%, respectively. In particular, the elderly with HF (> or = 70 yrs, n = 28) showed more serious deficiencies in calcium, potassium (compared to AI), folate and vitamin B12. In summary, the intakes of potassium, calcium, folate, and vitamin B12 were not sufficient to meet EAR in HF patients. Furthermore, the proportions of subjects with lower intake than EAR in these nutrients were substantial, raising the possibility that these micronutrients may be involved in the pathogenesis of HF. Practical dietary guideline for HF patients is needed to improve prognosis of HF.

Keyword

heart failure; micronutrients deficiency; dietary reference intakes

MeSH Terms

Aged
Calcium
Ear
Female
Folic Acid
Heart
Heart Failure
Humans
Male
Micronutrients
Potassium
Prevalence
Prognosis
Vitamin B 12
Vitamins
Calcium
Folic Acid
Micronutrients
Potassium
Vitamin B 12
Vitamins

Figure

  • Fig. 1 The proportion of HF subjects with inadequate nutrient intakes for EAR. *: The proportion of HF subjects with inadequate nutrient intake for AI. EAR: estimated average requirements, AI: adequate intake.

  • Fig. 2 The proportion of older (> = 70 yr) HF subjects with inadequate nutrient intakes for EAR. *: The proportion of HF subjects with inadequate nutrient intake for AI. EAR: estimated average requirements, AI: adequate intake.


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