Korean J Nutr.  2009 Oct;42(7):631-638. 10.4163/kjn.2009.42.7.631.

Comparison of Health Risks according to the Obesity Types Based Upon BMI and Waist Circumference in Korean Adults: The 1998-2005 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys

Affiliations
  • 1Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea. wykim@ewha.ac.kr

Abstract

This study was performed to examine the health risks according to the obesity types based upon body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) cutoffs. The subjects were 8,966 adults aged 40-79 years from the 1998, 2001 and 2005 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. The subjects were classified into 4 types of obesity groups based on BMI and WC: BMIWC (BMI > or = 25 kg/m2 and WC >or = 90 cm for males and > or = 85 cm for females), WC (BMI < 25 kg/m2 and > or = 90 cm for males and > or = 85 cm for females), BMI (BMI >or = 25 kg/m2 and < 90 cm for males and < 85 cm for females), normal (BMI < 25 kg/m2 and < 90 cm for males and < 85 cm for females) groups. More than half (n = 5,103) of the subjects fell into the normal group and BMIWC group accounts for 58%, followed by BMI group of 27% and WC group of 16%. Mean ages of subjects were highest in WC group and lowest in BMI group. Blood levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-cholesterol and glucose, and blood pressures were higher and HDL-cholesterol was lower in 3 types of obesity groups (BMIWC, WC, BMI) than in the normal group. Among the 3 obesity groups, energy and fat intake was significantly higher in BMIWC than in normal group in males, however, no differences were found among the 4 groups in females. The three obesity groups had greater odds ratios for hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, hyper-LDL-cholesterolemia, hypo-HDL-cholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and metabolic syndrome compared to the normal group. Among 3 obesity groups, BMIWC group had the highest odds ratios for hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and metabolic syndrome. Especially BMIWC and WC groups showed the highest odds ratios for diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome, suggesting the potential role of abdominal obesity in diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome. Our data indicate that different types of obesity may show different degrees of health risks. The appropriate selection and use of obesity indexes may be effective for management of obesity as well as obesityrelated diseases.

Keyword

BMI; waist circumference; obesity types; Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1998, 2001, 2005

MeSH Terms

Adult
Aged
Body Mass Index
Cholesterol
Diabetes Mellitus
Female
Glucose
Humans
Hypercholesterolemia
Hypertension
Hypertriglyceridemia
Male
Obesity
Obesity, Abdominal
Odds Ratio
Waist Circumference
Cholesterol
Glucose

Cited by  2 articles

Validation of initial nutrition screening tool for hospitalized patients
Hye-Suk Kim, Seonheui Lee, Hyesook Kim, Oran Kwon
J Nutr Health. 2019;52(4):332-341.    doi: 10.4163/jnh.2019.52.4.332.

Evaluation of nutrient and food intake status, and dietary quality according to abdominal obesity based on waist circumference in Korean adults: Based on 2010–2012 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Myeong Seong Kim, Dae Cheol Kweon, Yun Jung Bae
J Nutr Health. 2014;47(6):403-315.    doi: 10.4163/jnh.2014.47.5.403.


Reference

1. World Health Organization. Reducing Risks - Promoting Healthy Life. World Health Report. 2002.
2. Haslam D, James W. Obesity. Lancet. 2005. 366:1197–1209.
Article
3. Ko JH, Kim KJ. Comparison of body composition according to the obesity types based upon percent body fat, BMI and waist circumference in women. J Growth and Development. 2007. 15(1):1–7.
4. Sim KW, Lee SH, Lee HS. The relationship body mass index and morbidity in Korea. J Korean Soc Study Obes. 2001. 10(2):147–155.
5. WHO Western Pacific Region. The Asia-pacific perspective: Redefining obesity and its Treatment. 2000.
6. Zhu S, Wang Z, Heshka S, Heo MS, Faith M, Heymsfield S. Waist circumference and obesity-associated risk factors among whites in the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey: clinical action thresholds. Am J Clin Nutr. 2002. 76:743–749.
Article
7. American Medical Association. Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults. Execute summary of the Third Report of the national cholesterol Education Program (NCEP). JAMA. 2001. 285:2486–2496.
8. International Diabetes Federation Press Conference-Berlin 14/04/05 Backgrounder 1: The IDF consensus worldwide definition of the metabolic syndrome. Available from: http://www.idf.org/webdata/docs/IDF_Metasyndrome_definition.pdf.
9. Kim SM. Diagnosis of obesity and standards of treatment. 2004. In : Annual Conference of J LVD; 79–89.
10. Jassen I, Katzmarzyk P, Ross R. Waist circumference and not body mass index explains obesity-related health risk. Am J Clin Nutr. 2004. 79:379–384.
Article
11. Ardern C, Katzmarzyk P, Janssen I, Ross R. Discrimination of health risk by combined body mass index and waist circumference. Obes Res. 2003. 11(1):135–141.
Article
12. Jancin B. Waist size overtakes BMI as obesity indicator. Ob. Gyx. News. 2005. 15:36.
Article
13. Korea Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Prevalence and trends of obesity in Korean adults. Public Health Weekly Report. 2008. 15(1):243–247.
14. Choi JM. Epidemiology characteristic of obesitiy in Korea - The 1998 KNHANES. J Korean Soc Study Obes. 2001. 10(3):293–295.
15. Lee SY, Park HS, Kim SM, Kwon HS, Kim DY, Kim DJ, Cho GJ, Han JH, Kim SR, Park CY, Oh SJ, Lee CB, Kim KS, Oh SW, Kim YS, Choi WH, Yoo HJ. Cut-off point of waist circumference for defining abdominal obesity in the Korean population. J Korean Soc Study Obes. 2006. 15(1):1–9.
16. Chung HR. Prevalence of abdominal obesity and associated factors among Korean adults: The 2001 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Korean J Nutr. 2006. 37(7):684–691.
17. Lee YN, Lee HS, Jang YA, Lee HJ, Kim BH, Kim CI. Dietary intake pattern of the Korean adult population by weight status - 2001 National Health and Nutrition Survey. Korean J Community Nutr. 2006. 11(3):317–326.
18. Ministry of Health and Welfare (MOHW). 1998, 2001, 2005 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Report. 1999, 2002, 2006.
19. American Diabetes Association. Executive summary: standards of medical care in diabetes-2008. Diabetes Care. 2008. 31(1):S5–S11.
20. Jassen I, Katzmarzyk P, Ross R. Body mass index, waist circumference, and health risk-Evidence in support of current National Institutes of Health guidelines. Arch Intern Med. 2002. 162:2074–2079.
21. Kuk J, Lee SJ, Heymsfield S, Ross R. Waist circumference and abdominal adipose tissue distribution: influence of age and sex. Am J Clin Nutr. 2005. 81:1330–1334.
Article
22. Rexrode K, Carey V, Henneken C, Walters E, Colditz G, Stampfer M, Willett W, Manson J. Abdominal adiposity and coronary heart disease in women. JAMA. 1998. 280:1843–1848.
Article
23. Kim MS, Ahn HS. Dietary intakes and serum component in middle aged abdominal obese women. J Korean Soc Study Obes. 2003. 12(2):124–136.
24. Kim SY, Yoon JS. Effect of serum insulin, eating style and energy intake on the fatness. Korean J Nutr. 1993. 26(1):34–46.
25. Yoon KS, Yim EY, Kim CI, Kim KT, Kim C, Im SM, Choi HM. Eating behavior, obesity and serum lipid levels in children. Korean J Nutr. 1993. 26(1):56–66.
Full Text Links
  • KJN
Actions
Cited
CITED
export Copy
Close
Share
  • Twitter
  • Facebook
Similar articles
Copyright © 2024 by Korean Association of Medical Journal Editors. All rights reserved.     E-mail: koreamed@kamje.or.kr