Korean J Nutr.  2009 Oct;42(7):622-630. 10.4163/kjn.2009.42.7.622.

Association between Glycemic Index, Glycemic Load, Dietary Carbohydrates and Diabetes from Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005

• Kim EK
• Lee JS
• Hong H
• Yu CH

• KMID: 2267341
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4163/kjn.2009.42.7.622

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to establish an association between glycemic index (GI), glycemic load (GL), dietary carbohydrates and diabetes with the context of the current population dietary practice in Korea. The subjects of 3,389 adults (male 1,430, female 1,959) were divided into normal (serum fasting glucose < 100 mg/dL), impaired glucose tolerance (100 126 mg/dL) by serum fasting glucose. Anthropometric and hematologic factors, and nutrient intakes, dietary glycemic index (DGI), dietary glycemic load (DGL) were assessed. Multiple logistic regression model was used to determine the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals for relationship of DGI, DGL, carbohydrates intakes, and diabetes. DGI and DGL were not significantly correlated with impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes. However, the risk of impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes showed a tendency to increase as increase of DGI after multivariate adjustment (age, education, income, region area, diabetes family history, smoking, drinking, exercise, energy intake) in male. The risk of impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes showed a tendency to increase in the DGI 71.1-74.8 after multivariate adjustment in female. DGL was inversely related to impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes in male. In female, however, DGL was positively related to impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes. In particular, the risk of diabetes increased positively in level of DGL 260.5, and remained after multivariate adjustment (Q5 vs Q1:2.38, 0.87-6.48). When percent energy intakes from carbohydrates were more than 70%, the risk of impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes increased in both male and female. In particular, when percent energy intakes from carbohydrates were more than 69.9%, the risk of diabetes increased positively in male (Q4 vs Q1:2.34, 1.16-4.17). In conclusion, above 70% energy intakes from carbohydrates appeared to be a risk factor of diabetes. It seemed that the meal with high GI and GL value must be avoided it. And also, the macronutrients of the meal must be properly balanced. In particular, it may be said that it is a preventive way for treatment of the diabetes to avoid eating carbohydrates of much quantity.

Keyword

KNHANES; diabetes; glycemic index; glycemic load; carbohydrate intake

MeSH Terms

Adult
Carbohydrates
Dietary Carbohydrates
Drinking
Eating
Fasting
Female
Glucose
Glycemic Index
Humans
Korea
Logistic Models
Male
Meals
Nutrition Surveys
Odds Ratio
Risk Factors
Smoke
Smoking
Carbohydrates
Dietary Carbohydrates
Glucose
Smoke

Figure

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  Fig. 1 Distribution of diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance of subjects. *:Significantly different between two age groups at α = 0.05 by Chi-square test.

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  Fig. 2 Dietary glycemic index and dietary glycemic load distribution according to blood glucose level. a, b:Significantly different between three groups at α = 0.05 by Bonferroni's multiple t-test.

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