J Vet Sci.  2017 Sep;18(3):283-289. 10.4142/jvs.2017.18.3.283.

Survey of porcine respiratory disease complex-associated pathogens among commercial pig farms in Korea via oral fluid method

• Cheong Y
• Oh C
• Lee K
• Cho KH

• KMID: 2412445
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4142/jvs.2017.18.3.283

Abstract

Oral fluid analysis for herd monitoring is of interest to the commercial pig production in Korea. The aim of this study was to investigate pathogen-positive rates and correlations among eight pathogens associated with porcine respiratory disease complex by analyzing oral fluid samples from 214 pig groups from 56 commercial farms. Samples collected by a rope-chewing method underwent reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) or standard polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis, depending on the microorganism. Pathogens were divided into virus and bacteria groups. The former consisted of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), and the latter Pasteurella multocida, Haemophilus parasuis, Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (MHP), Mycoplasma hyorhinis, and Streptococcus suis (SS). All pathogens were detected more than once by PCR. Age-based analysis showed the PCR-positive rate increased with increasing age for PCV2 and MHP, whereas SS showed the opposite. Correlations between pathogens were assessed among 36 different pair combinations; only seven pairs showed statistically significant correlations. In conclusion, the oral fluid method could be a feasible way to detect various swine respiratory disease pathogens and, therefore, could complement current monitoring systems for respiratory diseases in the swine industry.

Keyword

Korea; oral fluid; pathogens; polymerase chain reaction; porcine respiratory disease complex

MeSH Terms

Animals
Farms/statistics & numerical data
Mouth/virology
Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome/*epidemiology/virology
*Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus
Republic of Korea/epidemiology
Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction/veterinary
Surveys and Questionnaires
Swine/virology

Figure

• 

  Fig. 1 Proportions of major pathogens and major pathogen combinations in polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-positive porcine oral fluid samples. PRRSV, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus; PCV2, porcine circovirus type 2; MHP, Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. *Pathogen combinations were considered positive if the major pathogen and one or more other pathogens were PCR positive. †Pathogen combinations were considered positive if one or more pathogens were PCR positive without PRRSV, PCV2, and MHP.

• 

  Fig. 2 Pen-level PCR results for 214 oral fluid samples arranged by age group. Oral fluid samples from pigs were analyzed for respiratory pathogen presence by using PCR. Pig age groups: A, aged 3–7 weeks; B, 8–12 weeks old; C, 13–16 weeks old; D, 17–26 weeks old. PRRSV, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus; PCV2, porcine circovirus type 2; PM, Pasteurella multocida; HPS, Haemophilus parasuis; APP, Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae; MHP, Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae; MHR, Mycoplasma hyorhinis; SS, Streptococcus suis; All N, negative PCR result for all pathogens.

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