1. Edmond MB, Wallace SE, McClish DK, Pfaller MA, Jones RN, Wenzel RP. Nosocomial bloodstream infections in United States hospitals: a three-year analysis. Clin Infect Dis. 1999. 29:239–244.
Article
2. Shin JH, Kim MN, Shin DH, Jung SI, Kim KJ, Cho D, et al. Genetic relatedness among
Candida tropicalis isolates from sporadic cases of fungemia in two university hospitals in Korea. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2004. 25:634–640.
Article
3. Verduyn Lunel FM, Meis JF, Voss A. Nosocomial fungal infections: candidemia. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 1999. 34:213–220.
Article
4. Kao AS, Brandt ME, Pruitt WR, Conn LA, Perkins BA, Stephens DS, et al. The epidemiology of candidemia in two United States cities: results of a population-based active surveillance. Clin Infect Dis. 1999. 29:1164–1170.
Article
5. Pfaller MA, Diekema DJ, Jones RN, Sader HS, Fluit AC, Hollis RJ, et al. International surveillance of bloodstream infections due to
Candida species: frequency of occurrence and in vitro susceptibilities to fluconazole, ravuconazole, and voriconazole of isolates collected from 1997 through 1999 in the SENTRY antimicrobial surveillance program. J Clin Microbiol. 2001. 39:3254–3259.
Article
6. Hospenthal DR, Murray CK, Rinaldi MG. The role of antifungal susceptibility testing in the therapy of candidiasis. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2004. 48:153–160.
Article
7. Pfaller MA, Jones RN, Doern GV, Sader HS, Messer SA, Houston A, et al. Bloodstream infections due to
Candida species: SENTRY antimicrobial surveillance program in North America and Latin America, 1997-1998. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2000. 44:747–751.
Article
8. St Germain G, Laverdière M, Pelletier R, Bourgault AM, Libman M, Lemieux C, et al. Prevalence and antifungal susceptibility of 442
Candida isolates from blood and other normally sterile sites: results of a 2-year (1996 to 1998) multicenter surveillance study in Quebec, Canada. J Clin Microbiol. 2001. 39:949–953.
Article
9. Cuenca-Estrella M, Rodriguez D, Almirante B, Morgan J, Planes AM, Almela M, et al. In vitro susceptibilities of bloodstream isolates of
Candida species to six antifungal agents: results from a population-based active surveillance programme, Barcelona, Spain, 2002-2003. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2005. 55:194–199.
Article
10. Samra Z, Yardeni M, Peled N, Bishara J. Species distribution and antifungal susceptibility of
Candida bloodstream isolates in a tertiary medical center in Israel. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2005. 24:592–595.
Article
11. da Matta DA, de Almeida LP, Machado AM, Azevedo AC, Kusano EJ, Travassos NF, et al. Antifungal susceptibility of 1000 Candida bloodstream isolates to 5 antifungal drugs: results of a multicenter study conducted in Säo Paulo, Brazil, 1995-2003. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2007. 18:399–404.
12. Mokaddas EM, Al-Sweih NA, Khan ZU. Species distribution and antifungal susceptibility of
Candida bloodstream isolates in Kuwait: a 10-year study. J Med Microbiol. 2007. 56:255–259.
Article
13. Lee K, Lim CH, Cho JH, Lee WG, Uh Y, Kim HJ, KONSAR group, et al. High prevalence of ceftazidime-resistant
Klebsiella pneumoniae and increase of imipenem-resistant
Pseudomonas aeruginosa and
Acinetobacter spp. in Korea: a KONSAR program in 2004. Yonsei Med J. 2006. 47:634–645.
Article
14. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Reference method for broth dilution antifungal susceptibility testing of yeasts. 2002. 2nd ed. Wayne, PA: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute;Approved standard M27-A2.
15. Yi JY, Shin JH, Lee KW, Yong DE, Chae MJ, Suh SP, et al. Evaluation of spectrophotometric broth microdilution method to determine the fluconazole MIC of the Candida Species. Korean J Lab Med. 2002. 22:253–259.
16. Arthington-Skaggs BA, Jradi H, Desai T, Morrison CJ. Quantitation of ergosterol content: novel method for determination of fluconazole susceptibility of
Candida albicans. J Clin Microbiol. 1999. 37:3332–3337.
Article
17. Pfaller MA, Diekema DJ, Rex JH, Espinel-Ingroff A, Johnson EM, Andes D, et al. Correlation of MIC with outcome for
Candida species tested against voriconazole: analysis and proposal for interpretive breakpoints. J Clin Microbiol. 2006. 44:819–826.
Article
18. Rex JH, Walsh TJ, Sobel JD, Filler SG, Pappas PG, Dismukes WE, et al. Practice guidelines for the treatment of candidiasis. Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2000. 30:662–678.
19. Voss A, Kluytmans JA, Koeleman JG, Spanjaard L, Vandenbroucke-Grauls CM, Verbrugh HA, et al. Occurrence of yeast bloodstream infections between 1987 and 1995 in five Dutch university hospitals. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 1996. 15:909–912.
Article
20. Abi-Said D, Anaissie E, Uzun O, Raad I, Pinzcowski H, Vartivarian S. The epidemiology of hematogenous candidiasis caused by different
Candida species. Clin Infect Dis. 1997. 24:1122–1128.
Article
21. Pfaller MA, Diekema DJ. International Fungal Surveillance Participant Group. Twelve years of fluconazole in clinical practice: global trends in species distribution and fluconazole susceptibility of bloodstream isolates of
Candida. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2004. 10:11–23.
Article
22. Krcméry V Jr, Kovacicová G. Longitudinal 10-year prospective survey of fungaemia in Slovak Republic: trends in etiology in 310 episodes. Slovak Fungaemia study group. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2000. 36:7–11.
23. Takakura S, Fujihara N, Saito T, Kudo T, Iinuma Y, Ichiyama S. National surveillance of species distribution in blood isolates of
Candida species in Japan and their susceptibility to six antifungal agents including voriconazole and micafungin. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2004. 53:283–289.
Article
24. Collin B, Clancy CJ, Nguyen MH. Antifungal resistance in non-albicans Candida species. Drug Resist Update. 1999. 2:9–14.
25. Pfaller MA, Jones RN, Doern GV, Sader HS, Hollis RJ, Messer SA. International surveillance of bloodstream infections due to
Candida species: frequency of occurrence and antifungal susceptibilities of isolates collected in 1997 in the United States, Canada, and South America for the SENTRY Program. The SENTRY Participant Group. J Clin Microbiol. 1998. 36:1886–1889.
Article
26. Shin JH, Shin DH, Song JW, Kee SJ, Suh SP, Ryang DW. Electrophoretic karyotype analysis of sequential
Candida parapsilosis isolates from patients with persistent or recurrent fungemia. J Clin Microbiol. 2001. 39:1258–1263.
Article
27. Shin JH, Kee SJ, Shin MG, Kim SH, Shin DH, Lee SK, et al. Biofilm production by isolates of
Candida species recovered from nonneutropenic patients: comparison of bloodstream isolates with isolates from other sources. J Clin Microbiol. 2002. 40:1244–1248.
Article
28. Levin AS, Costa SF, Mussi NS, Basso M, Sinto SI, Machado C, et al.
Candida parapsilosis fungemia associated with implantable and semi-implantable central venous catheters and the hands of healthcare workers. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 1998. 30:243–249.
Article
29. Pfaller MA, Jones RN, Messer SA, Edmond MB, Wenzel RP. National surveillance of nosocomial blood stream infection due to species of
Candida other than
Candida albicans: frequency of occurrence and antifungal susceptibility in the SCOPE Program. SCOPE Participant Group. Surveillance and Control of Pathogens of Epidemiologic. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 1998. 30:121–129.
Article
30. Pappas PG, Rex JH, Lee J, Hamill RJ, Larsen RA, Powderly W, et al. A prospective observational study of candidemia: epidemiology, therapy, and influences on mortality in hospitalized adult and paediatric patients. Clin Infect Dis. 2003. 37:634–643.
Article
31. Sanguinetti M, Posteraro B, Fiori B, Ranno S, Torelli R, Fadda G. Mechanisms of azole resistance in clinical isolates of
Candida glabrata collected during a hospital survey of antifungal resistance. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2005. 49:668–679.
Article
32. Hajjeh RA, Sofair AN, Harrison LH, Lyon GM, Arthington-Skaggs BA, Mirza SA, et al. Incidence of bloodstream infections due to
Candida species and in vitro susceptibilities of isolates collected from 1998 to 2000 in a population-based active surveillance program. J Clin Microbiol. 2004. 42:1519–1527.
Article
33. Pfaller MA, Messer SA, Hollis RJ, Jones RN, Diekema DJ. In vitro activities of ravuconazole and voriconazole compared with those of four approved systemic antifungal agents against 6,970 clinical isolates of
Candida spp. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2002. 46:1723–1727.
Article
34. Tortorano AM, Rigoni AL, Biraghi E, Prigitano A, Viviani MA; The FIMLIA-ECMM Candidaemia Study Group. The European Confederation of Medical Mycology (ECMM) survey of candidaemia in Italy: antifungal susceptibility patterns of 261 non-
albicans Candida isolates from blood. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2003. 52:679–682.
Article
35. Rex JH, Pfaller MA, Galgiani JN, Bartlett MS, Espinel-Ingroff A, Ghannoum MA, et al. Development of interpretive breakpoints for antifungal susceptibility testing: conceptual framework and analysis of in vitro-in vivo correlation data for fluconazole, itraconazole, and
Candida infections. Subcommittee on Antifungal Susceptibility Testing of the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. Clin Infect Dis. 1997. 24:235–247.
Article
36. Rex JH, Rinaldi MG, Pfaller MA. Resistance of Candida species to fluconazole. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1995. 39:1–8.